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Normal reference values

Acid and Base Balance and Imbalance-investigations and case discussion Dr. WASIF ALI KHAN MD-PATHOLOGY (UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY) Assistant Prof. in Pathology Al Maarefa College. Normal reference values. pH—blood-7.35 to 7.45-avg-7.4 The normal reference range for PaCO 2  is 35-45 mm Hg .

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Normal reference values

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  1. Acid and Base Balance and Imbalance-investigations and case discussionDr. WASIF ALI KHANMD-PATHOLOGY (UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY)Assistant Prof. in PathologyAl Maarefa College

  2. Normal reference values • pH—blood-7.35 to 7.45-avg-7.4 • The normal reference range for PaCO2 is 35-45 mm Hg. • The normal reference range for PaO2 is 75-100 mm of Hg. • Normal bicarbonate level-HCO3 – 22–26mEq/L O2 saturation— 95-100%

  3. Blood gas analyser

  4. Pulse Oximeter

  5. Step-wise interpretation of ABG Report • pH • pCO2 • HCO3 • O2 saturation.

  6. Case-no-1 • A 40 year old female patient presented in the emergency department in a stuporous state. Her relative gave history of diabetes mellitus of 8 years duration. Clinically her skin was warm and breath had a sweet odor with deep and rapid respiration.

  7. Blood report Blood sugar- 350mg/dl. pH--- 7.10 Pco2 --- 40 mm of Hg (normal—35-45 mm of Hg). HCO3---25 mEq/l—(Normal-22-26 mEq/l). O2 saturation—95%-( Normal is 95-100%)

  8. Questions • 1) What does the history of patient indicate? • 2) What is the cause of sweet odor? • 3) What is the cause of stuporous state? • 4) What is the cause of rapid breathing? • 5) Interpret laboratory data. • 6) What is your diagnosis? • 7) how will you treat this patient?

  9. Question no-2 • A patient is in intensive care because he suffered a severe myocardial infarction 3 days ago. The lab reports the following values from an arterial blood sample: • pH 7.3 • HCO3- = 20 mEq / L ( 22 - 26) • pCO2 = 32 mm Hg (35 - 45)

  10. Diagnosis • Metabolic acidosis • With compensation

  11. Question 3 • A 70 year chronic smoker was admitted with complaints of restlessness, breathlessness and productive cough.

  12. Blood report pH--- 7.20 Pco2 --- 65 mm of Hg (normal—35-45 mm of Hg). HCO3---28 mEq/l—(Normal-22-26 mEq/l). O2 saturation—85%-( Normal is 95-100%)

  13. Diagnosis • Respiratory Acidosis with compensation.

  14. ABG Report • pH 7.3 • pCO2 = 32 mm Hg (35 - 45) • HCO3- = 20 mEq / L ( 22 - 26) O2 saturation is normal.

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