Stafford Addison 4th period March 5, 2007

1. Despair of the Holocaust Stafford Addison 4th period March 5, 2007

2. Table of Contents Slide 1…………………………………………..Title Slide 2……………………………..Table of Contents Slide 3……………………………….……..Introduction Slide 4……………………………………Kristallnacht Slide 5……………………….….Concentration Camps Slide 6………………………………….Nuremberg Laws Slide 7…………………………………Gas Chambers Slide 8…………………………………………Anne Frank Slide 9………………………………………..Conclusion Slide 10……………………………………..Bibliography

3. Introduction • Adolf Hitler ostracized an entire race of people by deliberately discriminating against everyone not of the Aryan race. The Holocaust , is the name applied to describe the attempted genocide of Europe's Jewish population during World War II. This devastation lasted from 1941-1945. Many Jews were forced into hiding to escape the harsh treatment from the Nazis. Others were sent to concentration camps or ghettos. And the rest were killed. This was one of the worst periods in history.

4. Kristallnacht • During the nights of November 9-10 more than 90 Jews were killed. Hundreds of synagogues and temples were set on fire. Throughout the two-day period over 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed without the police trying to stop any of these criminal acts. Additionally, Jewish cemeteries were desecrated and over 30,000 Jewish men were placed under house arrest and sent to concentration camps.

5. Concentration Camps Conditions in all camps were extremely bad. They were greatly overcrowded. The diet was entirely inadequate. Many people died from starvation daily. In two concentration camps 112,000 people died from starvation. Only bad meat, such as horsemeat or meat which had been rejected by veterinarians as infected with tuberculosis germs, was passed out in these camps. Clothing, too, was altogether inadequate. Foreigners from the east worked and slept in the same clothing in which they arrived. Nearly all of them had to use their blankets as coats in cold and wet weather. Many had to to walk to work barefoot, even in winter.

6. Nuremberg Laws • The Nuremburg Laws were the first attempt to define Jews. • The first law says anyone who suffers from an inheritable disease may be surgically sterilized if, in the judgment of medical science • The second law states that a Reich citizen was a person who was of German or related blood. • The third law forbade marriages between Germans and Jews. It also prohibited Jews from employing Germans under the age of 45 in their household. • Jews had no voting rights in political matter, and could not occupy a public office.

7. Gas Chambers The gas chamber was an ideal instrument for large scale murder. It was quick and clean, and it made sound that would prematurely alert victims to their fate. Victims were shipped off to a room that was disguised as a bathroom or another room of some sort. Then, the Nazis would turn on the gas, carbon monoxide , and the victims would soon die from the poisonous gas.

8. Anne Frank On the morning of Monday, July 6, 1942, the family moved into the hiding place. Their apartment was left in a state of disarray to create the impression that they had left suddenly, and Otto Frank left a note that hinted they were going to Switzerland . In late July, the Franks were joined by the van Pels family Anne wrote of her pleasure at having new people to talk to, but tensions quickly developed within the group forced to live in such confined conditions. After sharing her room with Pfeffer, she found him to be insufferable, and she clashed with Auguste van Pels, whom she regarded as foolish. Her relationship with her mother was strained, and Anne wrote that they had little in common as her mother was too remote. Although she sometimes argued with Margot, she wrote of an unexpected bond that had developed between them, but she remained closest emotionally to her father. Some time later, after first dismissing the shy and awkward Peter van Pels, she recognized a kinship with him and the two entered a romance.

9. Conclusion Millions of Jews were killed during the Holocaust. The Holocaust didn’t end until 1945 when Hitler committed suicide to end his life. The concentration camps were eventually liberated and the Jews were set free.

10. Bibliography • “What were the Nuremberg laws” The Holocaust. November 15, 2003. February. www.holocaust- history.org. Byers, Anne. The Holocaust Overview “Gas Chamber”. Berkeley Heights, NJ. Enslow Publishers 1998 • “Concentration Camps”. March 1, 2007. <www.spartacus/GERconcentration.htm