Montgomery Bus Boycott December 1955

2. Montgomery Bus Boycott December 1955 Was it Planned? Rosa Parks was a member of the NAACP and specialized in Civil Disobedience, in the summer of 1955 she attended a camp that trained campers on how to conduct boycotts and sit-ins. What type of pressure do boycotts exert? Economic

4. Civil Disobedience The active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government without resorting to physical violence. Examples Boycotts Sit-ins Non-violent protest Strikes How do you stop Civil Disobedience? BREAK THEIR WILL!!!!!

6. DOGS March on Birmingham to end segregation.

8. FIRE HOSES

10. JAIL

12. Intimidation Many white southerners joined the KKK. These people were police officers, lawyers, judges, and mayors Mississippi Burning 1964

14. De Jure Segregation- Segregation by law. The law of the land in the South. De Facto Segregation- Segregation by Custom- found in the north

16. Brown vs The Board of Education 1954- Thurgood Marshall argued that Separate was never equal in education. Earl Warren and the Supreme Court agreed

19. Desegregating education is the first step. It leveled the playing field.

25. James Meredith became the first African American to attend Ole Miss.. He needed the assistant of President Kennedy.

27. Governor George Wallace refused to let African Americans into the University of Alabama. JFK sent in the National Guard.

29. Governor George Wallace from Alabama Segregation Now, Segregation Tomorrow, Segregation Forever!!! Who is at fault? According to the people. . . We are just following the laws that were created by of Government. According to the government. . . We the acted way our people wanted. They showed us through the vote. According to both. . . The federal government and northern agitators getting in our business. “That’s the way its always been.”

31. Imagine yourself in this situation. What would be your breaking point? What types of personality traits must a person have in order to be effective at civil disobedience? Lunch counter sit-ins. Woolworths down in the south

33. What makes picket lines and boycotting successful?

35. Freedom Riders- Rode buses in the south to draw attention to segregation. Organized by C.O.R.E. (Congress of Racial Equality) and the S.N.C.C. (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee).

38. Buses were often burned, the Freedom riders were often thrown in jail. Riders were often beat up by angry mobs. Freedom Riders tried to over-flow the jails. Sent to maximum security prison. Put in cells wearing only underwear and screens were removed from windows. Once they were eaten alive by mosquitoes they were then covered in DDT. Freedom Riders brought national attention to the South. Why was this important for the Civil Rights Movement?

40. March on Washington to end segregation.

42. MLK jr.’s “I have a dream speech was delivered in August of 1963. At the same time Congress was debating an act the would become the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The speech took place in Washington DC. The Civil Rights Act of 1964- Ended segregation in all public accomdations.

44. August 1963- 4 Girls were killed when a person threw a bomb through a church window.

47. The march on Selma-intended to increase voting rights .

50. Malcolm X believed in Black Separatism and Black Superiority His 1964 pilgrimage to Mecca transformed his views, he no longer urged black separatism, he began to urge African American to identify with African and wanted to work with whites for equality “Ballots or Bullets?”