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November 10, 2014 (4 minutes)

November 10, 2014 (4 minutes). Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells Pop Quiz (Yes, you may use a Pop Quiz pass). Agenda. Catalyst ( 8 minutes) Eukaryopolis Flipped Video (12 minutes ) Organelles Foldable, Part 1 (20 minutes) Exit Ticket (5 minutes) Homework : DBA #10: 11/17

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November 10, 2014 (4 minutes)

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  1. November 10, 2014 (4 minutes) Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells Pop Quiz (Yes, you may use a Pop Quiz pass)

  2. Agenda • Catalyst (8minutes) • Eukaryopolis Flipped Video (12 minutes) • Organelles Foldable, Part 1 (20 minutes) • Exit Ticket (5 minutes) • Homework: • DBA #10: 11/17 • Honors 9 week projects: 3 weeks and 3 days

  3. Announcements • Discovery letters

  4. Unit 4: Guiding Questions • What are all living organisms made up of? • What does each part of the cell do? • What different types of cells exist and how are they different?

  5. Today’s Objectives • SWBAT describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and lysosomes by creating a study tool.

  6. Cellular Organelles Biology Unit 4 Lesson 4

  7. Review: Cells • All organisms are made up of one or more cells • All cells have three features: • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Genetic material

  8. Review: Prokayotic vs. Eukaryotic • PROKARYOTIC • No nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • Only unicellular organisms • Example: Bacteria • EUKARYOTIC • Have a nucleus • Have membrane-bound organelles • Can form multi-cellular organisms • Examples: All cells in plants, animals, humans

  9. Additional Notes • Because a major theme in Biology is function dictates form, not all cells look alike. • Examples: Nerve cells, Fat cells (Adipose cells), White blood cells

  10. Additional Notes • The human body consists of two hundred cell types, each with a different function and different form. • Even though cell have different functions, they all have the same organelles.

  11. Organelles • Every structure in the cell has a specific function that is important to the cell • Organelles are small structures inside of the cell that have specific functions • Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles

  12. Factory Analogy • To help us remember all the organelles and their functions, we will make comparisons to jobs/roles in a factory/business.

  13. Cell Membrane • One structure that all cells have is a cell membrane • Organelle: Cell Membrane • Outer layer of lipids around the cell • Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is “selectively permeable” • Selects what goes through and what doesn’t • Factory Role: Security Guard

  14. Cell Membrane

  15. Membrane-Bound Organelles • The next three structures are membrane-bound organelles • In what type of cell are they located? • Only eukaryotic cells

  16. Nucleus • One key organelle found only in eukaryotic cells is the nucleus • Organelle: Nucleus • Large round structure with dark center (nucleolus) • Function: Stores genetic material and controls the activities of the cell • “Brain” or “command center” of the cell • Factory Role: The Boss/CEO

  17. Additional Notes • Genetic material contained as chromosomes • Surrounded by a protective nuclear envelope that contains pores and is semi-permeable like the cell membrane

  18. Nucleus

  19. Mitochondria • Another key organelle found in eukaryotic organelles is the mitochondrion • Organelle: Mitochondria • Oval structure with inner folds • Function: Use glucose to produce energy known as ATP for the cell through the process of cellular respiration “Powerhouse” of the cell • Factory Role: Power source

  20. Additional Notes • Mitochondria contain their own DNA that is used to compensate for any defects • An average cell can contain 2,500 of them

  21. Mitochondrion

  22. Lysosomes • Lysosomes are another membrane-bound organelle • Structure: Lysosomes • Smaller round structures • Function: Destroy waste and digest macromolecules inside the cell • Factory Role: Janitors

  23. Lysosomes

  24. Summary • The eukaryotic cell has many structures with many important functions • Cell membrane– selects what enters and leaves the cell • Nucleus– stores genetic material and controls cellular activities • Mitochondria– produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP • Lysosomes– destroy waste and digest macromolecules

  25. Exit Ticket • Answer the questions below without using your notes: • What is the function of the cell membrane? • What organelle stores genetic material in the eukaryotic cell? • What is the function of mitochondria?

  26. Catalyst #2: November 12, 2013 (4 minutes) • What type of cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles? • What important structure do prokaryotic cells not have? Describe the function. • The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle. You discover a cell with a Golgi apparatus. What type of cell is it? • What type of organism– prokaryote or eukaryote is pictured below?

  27. Agenda • Catalyst: 10 minutes • Cellular Organelles: Part 2: 15 minutes • Regular: Organelle Jigsaw: Remainder • Honors: Overton Bacteria Culture • DBA #10: 11/17 • Honors 9 week projects: 3 weeks and 3 days • The Cell as a ____________ Mini-project

  28. The Cell as a _____________ Project: Due Monday • Create your own analogy for the cell organelles we discussed (similar to our factory comparison) • At the top of your paper, list the entity that you are comparing the cell to. (i.e. School, Military, Government) • List each organelle, its function, and its analogous role • EXTRA CREDIT: Include a drawing or diagram of your analogy with each portion labeled

  29. Announcements • Discovery Letters

  30. Review • What is the function of the cell membrane? • Controls what enters and leaves the cell • What is the function of the nucleus? • Controls the activities of the cell • What do mitochondria do? • Produce energy (ATP) for the cell • What do lysosomes do? • Destroy waste inside the cell

  31. Ribosomes • Ribosomes are important organelles that are not membrane-bound • Organelle: Ribosomes • Tiny, round structures • Function: Synthesize (produce) proteins needed by the cell • Location of protein synthesis • Can be found free in cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum • Factory Role: Production Machines

  32. Additional notes • Can be found free in cytoplasm (used for protein production) or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (used for export)

  33. Ribosomes

  34. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of folded membranes that surrounds the nucleus and spreads throughout the cell • Two types: • Rough ER– covered by ribosomes • Smooth ER– not covered by ribosomes

  35. Rough ER • The rough endoplasmic reticulum is only in eukaryotic cells • Organelle: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Series of folded membranes covered by ribosomes • Function: Transports proteins throughout the cell • Roads for proteins • Factory Role: Assembly line

  36. Rough ER

  37. Smooth ER • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is only in the eukaryotic cell • Organelle: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum • Not covered by ribosomes • Function: Synthesizes (produces) lipids for the cell • Factory Role: Assembly line

  38. Smooth ER: Additional notes • Detoxifies drugs and poisons from the body on a molecular level

  39. Smooth ER

  40. Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi apparatus is another membrane-bound organelle • Organelle: Golgi apparatus • Stack of membranes (What does it look like?!) • Function: Sorts and packages proteins and lipids to be shipped out of the cell • Factory Role: Delivery Trucks

  41. Golgi Apparatus

  42. Peroxisomes • Organelle: Peroxisomes • Function: Detoxification of cellular waste • Factory role: Hazardous materials cleanup

  43. Vacuoles • Organelle: Vacuole • Function: Stores water; breakdown; chemical storage • Factory role: Storage closets

  44. Summary • Many of the organelles have functions involving proteins and also lipids • Ribosomes synthesize proteins • The rough ER then transports the proteins throughout the cell • The smooth ER synthesize lipids • The Golgi apparatus packages the proteins and lipids to be shipped out of the cell

  45. Instructions: Regular • Make a cell “mini-poster” using your notes. • Instructions: • Draw your cell large enough so that all the organelles are visible • Label all the organelles included on your notes. • Under the name of the organelle, put the function of that organelle Color your cell and use as much detail as possible. • BE NEAT • Don’t forget your name and a title

  46. Instructions: Honors • Prepare Overton Bacteria Cultures • Overview • Materials • Procedure

  47. Exit Ticket: Day 2 • What is the function of the ribosomes? • What does the rough ER do with proteins? • What part of the cell synthesizes (produces) lipids? • What does the Golgi apparatus do?

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