ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR

1. ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR NORTH VS. SOUTH

2. COTTON GIN • Model of Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin

3. Peculiar Institution??? SLAVERY

4. ELECTION OF 1848 Lewis Cass democrat Zachary Taylor Whig

5. Compromise of 1850 HENRY CLAY 3 PARTS OF THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 1. California becomes a free state 2. Fugitive Slave Law 3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C. Stops

6. ELECTION OF 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrat General Winfield Scott Whig Results: Break-up of the Whig Party… Cotton Whigs vs. Conscience Whigs

7. STEPHEN DOUGLAS Senator from Illinois Called the “Little Giant” The new Henry Clay…The Compromiser Supports the idea of “Popular Sovereignty”

8. ABOLITIONIST People who oppose slavery…

9. Leaders of the Abolitionist Movement • William Garrison: The Liberator” • Called for the immediate end to slavery Fredrick Douglas: Ex-Slave Editor of the “North Star”

10. LEADERS OF ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT • Harriet Tubman • Leader of the “Underground Railroad” The “UNDERGROUND RAILROAD” Purpose to help run away slaves… Terminology Members of The Underground Railroad often used specific jargon, based on the metaphor of the railway. For example: People who helped slaves find the railroad were "agents" (or "shepherds") Guides were known as "conductors" Hiding places were "stations" Abolitionists would fix the "tracks" "Stationmasters" hid slaves in their homes Escaped slaves were referred to as "passengers" or "cargo" Slaves would obtain a "ticket." Just as in common gospel lore, the "wheels would keep on turning" Financial benefactors of the Railroad were known as "stockholders".

11. Others who opposed SLAVERY • Sojourner Truth Harriet Beecher Stowe: “Wrote Uncle Toms Cabin” Best selling anti-slavery book… Showed the horrors of slavery… Upset both North and South

12. KANSAS – NEBRASKA ACT • Sponsored by Stephen Douglas Senator Douglas from Illinois introduced a bill called the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This act created 2 new territories, the Kansas Territory and the Nebraska Territory out of the land that the railroad would travel through. It also repealed the Compromise of 1850. This bill gave the people of those two states the right to choose whether they wanted slavery or not. The Northerners became angry about the law. They were afraid there would be two more slave states is the Union. The Southerners were happy.

13. BLEEDING KANSAS • Bleeding Kansas Part of Prelude to American Civil War Date 1854 to 1860 Location Kansas and Missouri Result Abolitionists (Kansas) are victorious Belligerents Kansas (Abolitionists) Missouri (Slave Owners) Commanders and leaders John Brownothers William Quantrillothers Casualties and losses unknown, 100 or fewer (30-40 killed) unknown, 80 or fewer (20-30 killed) Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858. At the heart of the conflict was the question of whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free state or slave state. As such, Bleeding Kansas was a proxy war between Northerners and Southerners over the issue of slavery in the United States. The term "Bleeding Kansas" was coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune; the events it encompasses directly presaged the American Civil War.

14. Charles Sumner vs. Preston Brooks Preston Smith Brooks (August 5, 1819 – January 27, 1857) was a DemocraticCongressman from South Carolina, known for severely beating SenatorCharles Sumner on the floor of the United States Senate with a cane in response to an insult. His first cousin, Matthew Butler, Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811 – March 11, 1874) was an American politician and statesman from Massachusetts. An academic lawyer and a powerful orator

15. Republican Party • Created in 1854 as an anti-slavery party • Against slavery in the New Territories • 1st Presidential Candidate in 1856: • John Freemont

16. The Know-Nothing Party • The Know-Nothing movement was a nativist American political movement of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to Anglo-Saxon values and controlled by the Pope in Rome. Mainly active from 1854 to 1856, it strove to curb immigration and naturalization, though its efforts met with little success. Membership was limited to Protestant males of British lineage over the age of twenty-one. There were few prominent leaders, and the largely middle-class and entirely Protestant membership fragmented over the issue of slavery. Most ended up joining the Republican Party by the time of the 1860 presidential election. • The movement originated in New York in 1843 as the American Republican Party. It spread to other states as the Native American Party and became a national party in 1845. In 1855 it renamed itself the American Party.The origin of the "Know Nothing" term was in the semi-secret organization of the party. When a member was asked about its activities, he was supposed to reply, "I know nothing."

17. ELECTION OF 1856 • James Buchanan vs. John Freemont & Millard Fillmore • Democrat Republican Know-Nothing Main Issue: SLAVERY Does nothing about Slavery… “Let the Supreme Court decide”

18. DRED SCOTT DECISION Roger Taney Chief Justice Dred Scott: Sues for his freedom in 1857 Dred Scott sued for his freedom on the grounds that when his master had taken him to a free territories, he was no longer a slave… The Supreme Court Ruled: 1. Scott did not have the right to file a suit because he was not a citizen 2. As a slave, he was considered property 3. Congress had no right to exclude slavery from the territories 4. Therefore, the Missouri Compromise and all legislation limiting slavery were UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

19. LINCOLN – DOUGLAS DEBATES • REASON: The Senate seat for the State of Illinois Results: Douglas wins election… Lincoln becomes famous…

20. JOHN BROWN “Instrument of God” • Violent Abolitionist Murdered pro-slavers in Kansas & Missouri Organizes the raid at Harpers Ferry (federal armory) On October 16, 1859 His Plan: Collect weapons and march his army into the South and forcibly free all the slaves! He will be arrested, tried, convicted & executed for his crime Hanged on Dec. 2, 1859 To the North = Martyr To the South = Afraid of armies of Northern Abolitionist invading “Battle Hymn of the Republic”

21. ELECTION OF 1860 Abe Lincoln: Republican Stephen Douglas: Northern Democrat John Breckinridge: Southern Democrat John Bell: Constitutional Union SOUTH NOW READY TO LEAVE THE UNION!!

22. CRITTENDEN PLAN • LAST CHANCE TO SAVE THE UNION PROPOSED NEW ADMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 1. Guarantees SLAVERY in the Southern States 2. Bring back the Missouri Compromise IT FAILS !!

23. SECESSION!!! • December 20, 1860… South Carolina leaves… Followed by: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, & Tennessee

24. THE LEADERS: Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy Abe Lincoln President of the United States

25. IT BEGINS… Fort Sumter, located near Charleston, South Carolina, was the first battle of the American Civil War.  U.S. Army Major Robert Anderson moved his unit to the fort.  He later ignored calls of surrender from Confederate Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard.  At 4:30, April 12, 1861, the first shot was fired by Lieutenant Henry S. Farley of the Confederacy.  The Union fought back but ultimately lost. The battle lasted 40 hours.  There wereno real casualties in the fight. A bloodless start that will end up killing over 600,000 and destroying over $5 billion in property… BOTH SIDES NOW PREPARE FOR WAR

26. REASONS FOR THE CIVIL WAR State Rights or Slavery???? Economic Differences? Southern Nationalism? War Hawks?