Special English of Biology

1. Special English of Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University

2. Teacher • Name: Zhou Han-Tao • Position: Doctor; Associate Professor. • Research subject: Molecular Biology • Tel: 0592-2184062 • E-mail: htzhou@jingxian.xmu.edu.cn

3. Student Roll call

4. Lesson 1

5. Introduction Structure & Arrangement Request Test

6. 1. Stucture & Arrangement • Words • Reading comprehension • Writing-Seminar • Listening comprehension

7. 1.1 Words • Suffix-base-appendix • Academic dictionary • Reading

8. Suffix-Base-Appendix • Suffix: a-, ab-, re-, semi-, sub-, … • Base: -photo-, -sphere-, -bate-,…. • Appendix: -tion, -al, -ly, -ology…

9. Suffix-Base-Appendix biology- automobile- photography Autobiography rebate- acronym acrobate

10. Biosphere; biotechnology; bioinformation • Carbohydrate; carbon dioxide • Immunology; globle; immunoglobuline • Peptide; polypeptide; oligpeptide • Deoxyribonucleic acid

11. 1.2 Reading Comprehension

12. 1.3 Writing • Writing structure • Description • Definition • Examplification • Classification • Comparison & Contrast • Generalisation & Qualification • ……

13. 1.4 Listening comprehension

14. 2. Request

15. 3. Test

16. Lesson 2

17. 1. Reading comprehension

18. 2. Writing

19. Organisation of the article • 1. Introduction: The subject or topic.A statement of the problem,etc. • 2. Development: Presentation, analysis and discussion main idea 1(examples, details); main idea 2(examples, details);… • 3. Conclusion Summary/ Views/Opinions

20. 3. Listening

21. Lesson 3

22. 1. Reading comprehension

23. 2. Writing

24. Description • Object: process or procedure • Ways: 1. Basic sentences: is/are + verbed was/were + verb ed 2. Sequence markers: first, then, next, finally 3.Relative clause are used

25. Example • The trees are felled or cut down • The branches and leaves are removed • The trees are transported to the sawmill • The bark is stripped from the trunks • The trunks are sawn into logs • They are conveyed to the paper mill • They are placed in the shredder • They are cut into small chips • They are mixed with water and acid • They are heated and crushed into heavy pulp

26. This wood pulp is cleaned • It is also chemically bleached to whitened it • It is passed through rollers to flatten it • Sheets of wet paper are produced • The water is removed from the sheets • These sheets are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.

27. First, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with with water and acid. Next, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. After this, it is placed through rollers to flatten it. Then, sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined untill the finished paper is produced.

28. Homework How a breakfast cereal is made • The wheat is harvested from the field. • Then wheat grain is transported to the silos. • It is store in the silos. • The grain is cooked to soften it. • It is cut into thin strips. • These are woven into biscuits • Each biscuit is baked until brown • It is packed ready to be eaten

29. 3. Listening

30. Lesson 4

31. 1. Reading comprehension

32. 2. Writing

33. Definition • Object: To term, concept, opinion… • Ways: 1. Basic sentence Thing(to be defined)+verb+ general class word +relative clause Examples: i. A school is an institution where children are educated ii. A doctor is a person who gives medical treatment to people

34. 2.To particularly academic subject, omit the relative clause Examples: i. Botany is the science of structure of plants ii. Psychiatry is the study and treatment of mental illness iii. Criminology is the study of crime

35. 3. Tentative Examples: i. Botany may be defined as the science of structure of plants ii. Criminology may be defined as the study of crime

36. Homework

37. 3. Listening

38. Lesson 5

39. 1. Reading comprehension

40. 2. Writing

41. Examplification • Object: Make the definitions clearly and substentially • Ways: i. for example, for instance, as shown by, such as Examples: Geology may be defined as the the earth’s history for example for instance its crust,rocks,ect as shown by. such as

42. ii.It is concerned with…. Examples: Geology may be defined as the the earth’s history, it is concerned with crust,rocks,ect

43. iii. illustration, an example, a case in point Examples: Geology may be defined as the the earth’s history, crust is a case in point an example an illustration

44. Homework Writing Systems Writing=method of human intercommunication by means of conventional visible marks. 3main writing syatems: 1 word-syllabic(one sign=one word) e.g. Chinese 2. Syllabic(one sign=one syllable) e.g. Japanese 3. Alphabetic(one sign= one sound) e.g. Greek, Latin

45. 3. Listening

46. Lesson 6

47. 1. Reading comprehension

48. 2. Writing

49. Classification • Object: dividing something into group • Ways: i. to + classify to + sub-classify categorise sub-categorise divide into sub-divide into put into fall into

50. ii. X consists of… according to… whether or not there is … comprises X may be classified into… according to… divided into … on the basis of……. sub- divided into.. depending on… The classification is based on………