Reconstruction

1. Reconstruction What it was like in the South…

2. Civil War 1861-1865

3. Fought between the ___________and the __________________ of America • Caused primarily by ___________and __________ in the Southern states and • The United States defeated the Confederate States of America The Civil War, 1861-1865

4. How to rebuild the South? • How to bring Southern states back to the United States? • How to bring former slaves into the United States as free people? Major questions following the Civil War

5. Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner • Abolitionists before the war • Critical of Johnson’s ___________________ • Determined to reform the country based on ___________________ • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • “equal benefits of all laws enjoyed by white citizens • Tried to extend the ___________________ Radical Republicans

6. In order to rejoin the Union What really happened Radical Republicans insisted Southern states must grant freedmen the ____________ Johnson denied this idea Would have an fierce battle for the election of 1866 Radical Republicans and congress would eventually take over _______________ • Southern state could rejoin the union once it had written a new ___________ ______________________ • Elected a new state Government • Repealed its act of secession • Canceled war debts • And __________________ ___________________ Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

7. 1867 Reconstruction Plan Election borders in each state would register male voters both black and white Only those who supported the Union Men who supported the confederacy where not allowed to vote Voters elected people to write new _____________________ Voters elected state legislatures which were required to ratify the ______________________ • Reconstruction acts • Acts outline how the process for states to become part of union again • South is divided into 5 ___________________ • Each controlled by federal troops Congress and Reconstruction

9. 13th Amendment • Abolished all forms ___________ in the USA forever • 14th Amendment • Grants _________ to all former slaves • Right to due process • _____________under the law • 15th Amendment • The right of citizens … to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude Three Big Amendments

10. Newly registered cast first ballots in ______________ • Freedmen and poor farmers 1st time voting • Most became Republicans • Scary time to be a voter • Threatened for voting • Grant vs. Seymour • White Southerners • ________________get the vote • Confederate supporters can’t vote • Southern Democrats • Loose badly, out numbered badly Voting and 1868

11. Johnson and Grant President

12. Voters choose delegates • ¼ are _____________ _____________who are elected • Banned ____________ ________________and guaranteed the vote for African Americans • 1/5 of elected officials Republicans and Freedmen • At first supported taxes on_________________ • Most schools were _________ even though that was against the law Southern State Governments

13. New Government wanted to _____________ • Unfortunately $ that was suppose to go to roads and rebuilding fell into corrupt hands • Industry and trade led to the rebirth of some southern cities most of the South still remained dependent on __________ Rebuilding

14. Planters (___________ ________) divided their property into small plots that they rented to workers ( tenant framers) who would grow crops on that land. • Some cases _________ _________ would pay a share of their crop as rent instead of cash Tenant Farmers

15. Looked promising to both blacks and whites • Hope was to work hard enough to earn enough money to eventually buy their own land • Led instead to a life of ______________ • Borrow money from land owner to buy the food, tools, and supplies they needed • Never made enough money to ever pay back their debt Share Cropping

16. Good Bad ___________________________ Restricts blacks freedom opportunities Spell out rights Ensure a workforce Maintain social order End of _____________________ Democrats regain the south Poll taxes, literacy tests Jim Crow Laws Segregated black from whites “Separate but equal” • Travel • Right to get married • Pursue what use to be denied to them • ___________________________ __________________________ • Freedmen’s Bureau • Assists former salves and poor whites living in the South • Food, clothing, education and medical care • Republicans and Politics • Tuskegee Institute- 1st black College Life in the South for Blacks

17. Ku Klux Klan White Southern Democrats New Government illegal because so many confederate supporters couldn’t vote or run for office Raising taxes to pay for schools and other improvements Lost land because of taxes Didn’t accept the idea that _________________ • Created by white ___________________ • “opposed to negro equality, both social and political • Terrorized ________ and ____________________ • Included burring of school, attacks on the Freedmen’s Bureau, murder, lynching, etc. Resistance in the South

18. Southern states become more _________________ • Gains that blacks made in years passed become limited • Northern states and people ____________ • _________________ • _________ in the South • Tuskegee Institute • Amnesty- pardon of former Confederates • Lynching's KKK • _________________ Reconstruction Ends 1877