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Human Anatomy Outline

Human Anatomy Outline. Physical changes during puberty.

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Human Anatomy Outline

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  1. Human Anatomy Outline

  2. Physical changes during puberty • Girls usually begin puberty 1-2 years before boys. The pituitary gland(found at the base of the brain) is what stimulates puberty. You are born with this gland but it does not work until your individual time clock tells it to. The pituitary will cause estrogenandprogesterone (females) andtestosterone (males) to be released from the sex gland. This will enable puberty to continue.

  3. Physical changes during puberty • Both boys and girls grow very quickly • sometimes feel clumsy • notice aching muscles and joints • perspire more often and have body odor • develop oily skin and pimples

  4. Secondary Sex Characteristics • Physical changes that can be observed.

  5. Secondary Sex Characteristics Girls • Hips broaden • Waist narrows • Hair grows under the arms and around the vagina and vulva • Breasts grow and develop • Vagina discharges a white substance

  6. Secondary Sex Characteristics Boys • Shoulders broaden • Muscles grow • Hair grows under the arms, on the legs, chest and face, and around the penis and testicles • Penis and testicles grow larger • Sometimes the breasts will grow and become tender for a short period of time • Voice gets deeper

  7. Emotional changes during puberty • Anxiety and confusion are normal for this age. • Quickly changing feelings • Very intense feelings • Sexual feelings • Desire for independence • Develop personal feelings

  8. Social changes during puberty • Preferring friends over family • More conflicts with parents • Wanting romantic relationships • Wanting to be treated like an adult • Starting to think about life goals

  9. Female Reproductive Organs • Vulva • Labia majora, Labia minora, Clitoris, Urethral opening • Vagina– muscular canal connecting the inside to the outside of the female body (birth canal) • Cervix– sphincter muscle at the top of the vagina and the base of the uterus • Uterus– thick – walled pear shaped hollow organ where the fetus will develop • Ovaries– 2 walnut shaped organs holding and releasing the female eggs (ova)(female sex gland) • Ovum– female sex cells. A female is born with all the ova she will ever have in her lifetime. (egg) • Fallopian tubes– passageway from the ovaries to the uterus

  10. Female Sexual Response • Ovulation – After a girl reaches puberty an ovum(egg) will be released from one ovaryabout once a month. • A female has all the ovashe will ever have when she is born, but they are not released until puberty. • The ovaries take turns each month releasing the ovum • Usually only one ovum is released • It is normal to not ovulate three times during a female’s lifetime. *Before she enters puberty *When she is pregnant *After menopause

  11. Female Sexual Response • Menstruation– the endomerium (blood lining) of the uterus is discharged from the body through the vagina. • About 12-14 days before menstruation ovulationoccurs. • The body prepares to receive a fertilized ovum(egg) by building up a blood lining. • If the ovum is not fertilized the lining is not needed. The uterus sheds the lining and the unfertilized egg through the vagina. • Menstruation is a normal process *Frequently begins between the ages of 11-14 *Average days are 28-32 *Ovulation may begin before menstruation OR menstruation before ovulation • Periods a very irregular for the first couple years • Three times in a females life when she WILL NOT menstruate • Before puberty begins • After menopause • When a woman is pregnant

  12. Female Sexual Response • Menopause– When a woman will no longer ovulate or menstruate.

  13. Male Reproductive Organs • Penis– spongy tissue that can become filled with blood to make it stiff, swell and stretch. The end of the penis is very sensitive. • Testicles– produce sperm and testosterone. About the size of small plums, they are contained inside the scrotum (sex gland) • Scrotum– controls the temperature of the testicles. Sperm can only be produce when the temperature is about six degrees below normal body temperature. The scrotum will pull away from the body if it is too hot or pull toward the body if it is too cold. • Sperm– male sex cells. Males do not produce sperm until puberty. New sperm are produced about every six weeks. • Vas Deferens– Tube that connects the testicles to the penis. • Seminal Vesicles– fluid that is added to the sperm • Prostate Gland– fluid to nourish the sperm. • Urethra– passageway to the outside of the body; releases sperm and urine. Urine and semen never travel through the penis at the same time.

  14. Male Sexual Response • Erection– Arteries in the penis expand filling the spongy chambers with blood. This causes the penis to harden. • reflexogenic– direct physical action causes the reaction • psychogenic– thinking process causes the reaction

  15. Male Sexual Response • Ejaculation – muscles around the penis contract, causing semen to be released through the urethra. A valve shuts off the bladder so urine cannot mix with the semen. • Nocturnal emission– ejaculation that occurs during sleep. (wet dream)

  16. Circumcision • Removal of the foreskin that covers the end of the penis. • Sometimes done to comply with religious laws and traditions • Is a cleanliness tradition to alleviate smegma from being trapped underneath the foreskin.

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