1 / 17

REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

REPRODUCTIVE CLONING. Definition = making an exact genetic copy of an organism. Occurs naturally with identical twins. Lab methods artificial twinning Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Artificial Twinning. Similar to how identical twins form Early stage embryo (blastocyst) is pulled apart

base
Download Presentation

REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. REPRODUCTIVE CLONING Definition = making an exact genetic copy of an organism. Occurs naturally with identical twins • Lab methods • artificial twinning • Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

  2. Artificial Twinning • Similar to how identical twins form • Early stage embryo (blastocyst) is pulled apart artificial twinning process

  3. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer • Somatic cell = any body cell (not sex cells) • Oocyte = egg • Enucleated = nucleus is removed; click link and select “Enucleation Video” on right-hand side

  4. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer cont. • In SCNT, any somatic cell is fused with an enucleated donor oocyte. • “Fertilized egg” is given a shock and transferred into a surrogate female. • Result is genetically identical to the somatic cell donor. (Animation)

  5. Why Clone? • Preserving endangered or recreating extinct animals. • Restoring the life of a lost pet.

  6. Why Clone? • Making exact copies of livestock or crops that have prized traits.

  7. What animals have been cloned? • ANIMALS THAT HAVE CLONED BY SCNT • Tadpole • Carp • Sheep • Pig (xenotransplantation = using animal organs in humans) • Gaur • Cattle • Cat • Mule • Deer • Horse (Champion the Wonder Clone) • Rat • Fruit Flies • Dog • ANIMALS THAT HAVE BEEN CLONED BY ARTIFICIAL TWINNING • Rhesus Monkey

  8. What animals have been cloned? • ANIMALS THAT HAVE BEEN CLONED BY ARTIFICIAL TWINNING • Rhesus Monkey

  9. Any Problems With Cloning? • Video 1. High Failure Rate - Success rate ranges from 0.1 – 3% - Dolly was result of 277 attempts!

  10. Any Problems With Cloning? 2. Large Organ Syndrome • Kidney, brain, immune system malformation

  11. Any Problems With Cloning? 3. Abnormal gene expression • Same genes, but body isn’t using them the same as the original.

  12. Any Problems With Cloning? 4. Telomere is too short • Shorten as we age • Dolly started with shorter than normal telomeres • Developed arthritis at an early age

  13. Cloning Misconceptions • Myth #1 – Instant Clone

  14. Cloning Misconceptions • Myth #2 – Carbon Copies • Nature vs Nurture • In females, X-inactivation - each cell can’t have multiple copies of the X chromosome - each cell randomly chooses which X chromosome to inactivate - female clones are not phenotypic clones

  15. Should we clone humans?

More Related