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Neuroscience of Leadership

Neuroscience of Leadership. David Rock CEO, Results Coaching Systems Faculty, CIMBA Business School. Neuroscience says…. First, some disclaimers:. Strategy+business, Summer 2006. The brain in 5 topics. The highly individual brain Working memory & hardwiring The survival instinct

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Neuroscience of Leadership

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  1. Neuroscience ofLeadership David Rock CEO, Results Coaching Systems Faculty, CIMBA Business School

  2. Neuroscience says… First, some disclaimers:

  3. Strategy+business, Summer 2006

  4. The brain in 5 topics The highly individual brain Working memory & hardwiring The survival instinct Emotional regulation Insight

  5. Neuroscience says… Up close, our brains are dramatically different

  6. Neuroscience says… The brain hardwires everything it can

  7. Needed for understanding, deciding, remembering, inhibiting Working memory Versus Hardwiring Minimal effort needed, massive capacity, parallel, hard to distract

  8. The Inverted U Performance Arousal

  9. Neuroscience says… Survival is a deep instinct

  10. The survival instinct Away Threat Toward Reward Food Water Hot Cold

  11. Working memory & threat • An aroused amygdala: • Psychological = physical threats • • Generalizes more • Errs on the side of pessimism • Impacts working memory

  12. The survival instinct Away Threat Toward Reward Status Certainty Autonomy Relatedness Fairness

  13. Status 1 2 3 4 5

  14. Certainty The brain is a prediction machine. Uncertainty arouses the limbic system.

  15. Autonomy The brain likes to be able to predict and have a say in the future. A feeling of having a choice dramatically impacts stress levels

  16. Relatedness Friend or foe Trust or distrust Connect or don’t connect Foe is the default

  17. Fairness Brain regions associated with primary rewards – food, pleasant touch or pleasant memories, money, a picture of a loved one - those same regions were active when people received fair offers, compared to unfair offers of equal level. Golnaz Tabibnia, UCLA

  18. The survival instinct Away Threat Toward Reward Status Certainty Autonomy Relatedness Fairness

  19. Neuroscience says… How you regulate emotions makes all the difference

  20. emotional regulation Situation Selection Attention Deployment Arousal Expression ? Suppression ? Reappraisal ? Time emotional engagement

  21. emotional regulation Same or more arousal Less happiness Bad memory Others uncomfortable Suppression Less arousal No change to happiness No change to memory No affect on others Reappraisal

  22. emotional regulation + 50 Reappraisal Suppression - 50 Positive relationships Depression Environmental mastery Life satisfaction

  23. Neuroscience says… Insight is an important engine of change

  24. Insight Insight is an experience of change occurring. It’s when we solve a problem in a non-linear, unexpected way.

  25. Anxiety and insight

  26. Positive emotion and insight

  27. The four faces of insight 2. Reflection 1. Awareness 4. Action 3. Insight

  28. The four faces of insight 1. Awareness of a dilemma We focus on conflicting maps that have not been able to be reconciled.

  29. The four faces of insight 2. Reflection By EEG: Alpha band waves arise, signifying external stimuli being shut out of the senses to focus on internal processes.

  30. The four faces of insight 3. Insight By EEG: Sudden burst of gamma band activity, associated with complex cognitive processing. Represents a change in internal circuitry.

  31. The four faces of insight 3. Insight •  Adrenaline-like substances are released • Dopamine-like substances are released

  32. The four faces of insight 4. Action • Insight brings short term urgency for action • Action increases attention density • Attention density deepens new connections

  33. The four faces of insight 2. Reflection 1. Awareness 4. Action 3. Insight

  34. Further resources Books: ‘Quiet Leadership’ - David Rock (Collins, 2006)‘Personal Best - David Rock (Collins, 2006)‘Coaching with the brain in mind’ - Rock & Page (Wiley, 2008) Other readings and audios The Neuroscience of Leadership, strategy+business Summer 06 www.davidrock.net www.results.podbean.com NeuroLeadership Summit www.NeuroLeadership.org 29 - 30 October 2008 Brain-based workplace coaching programs (ICF ACPT) www.WorkplaceCoaching.com Contact:davidrock@workplacecoaching.com

  35. References - books • J.M. Schwartz & S. Begley (2002) ‘The Mind & The Brain,’ Regan Books • J.M. Schwartz & B. Beyette (1996) ‘Brain Lock,’ HarperCollins, New York • J.J. Ratey (2002) ‘A User’s Guide to the Brain,’ First Vintage Books Edition • J. Hawkins & S. Blakeslee (2004) ‘On Intelligence,’ Times Books, New York • G. Edelman (1992) ‘Bright Air, Brilliant Fire,’ Basic Books, New York • D. Rock (2006) ‘Quiet Leadership’, Collins, New York • S Klein (2002) ‘The Science of Happiness’, Scribe, Melbourne

  36. References - papers Quantum physics in neuroscience and psychology: a neurophysical model of mind–brain interaction Jeffrey M. Schwartz, Henry P. Stapp and Mario Beauregard Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Published online New approaches to demystifying insight Edward M. Bowden, Mark Jung-Beeman, Jessica Fleck and John Kounios Trends in Cognitive Sciences Vol.9 No.7 July 2005 The Prepared Mind: Neural Activity Prior to Problem Presentation Predicts Subsequent Solution by Sudden Insight John Kounios, Jennifer L. Frymiare, Edward M. Bowden, Jessica I. Fleck, Karuna Subramaniam, Todd B. Parrish, and Mark Jung-Beeman IN PRESS: Psychological Science Comparing the physiological and subjective effects of self-administered vs yoked cocaine in humans. Donny EC, Bigelow GE, Walsh SL. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Jul;186(4):544-52. Epub 2006 Mar 21. Links Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes Matthew D. Lieberman Annual Review of Psychology. 2007. 58:259–89

  37. References - papers Inverted-U dopamine D1 receptor actions on prefrontal neurons engaged in working memory. Susheel Vijayraghavan, Min Wang, Shari G Birnbaum, Graham V Williams, & Amy F T Arnsten. Nature Neuroscience, 4 Feb 07 A Role for Volition and Attention in the Generation of New Brain Circuitry Journal of Consciousness Studies, 6, No. 8–9, 1999, pp. 115–42 Seven Plus or Minus Two: A Commentary On Capacity Limitations. Richard M. Shiffrin and Robert M. Nosofsky Psychological Review, 1994, VoT 101, No. 2,357-361 An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Earl K. Miller Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2001. 24:167–202 Attention and performance Harold Pashler, James C. Johnston, and Eric Ruthruff Annual Review of Psychology. 2001. 52:629–51 Neural correlates of inter-individual differences in the subjective experience of pain. Coghill, R.C., McHaffie, J.G., Yen, Y. , Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. (in press) D. Dobbs, ’Fact or Phrenology?’ (April 2005) Sci. Am. Mind, 24-31.

  38. References - papers Self-Control Relies on Glucose as a Limited Energy Source: Willpower Is More Than a Metaphor. Matthew T. Gailliot, Roy F. Baumeister, C. Nathan DeWall, Jon K. Maner, E. Ashby Plant, Dianne M. Tice, Lauren E. Brewer, Florida State University, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Texas A&M University In press at the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Neural Correlates of Dispositional Mindfulness During Affect Labeling J. David Creswell Baldwin M. Way, Naomi I. Eisenberger Separating cognitive capacity from knowledge: a new hypothesis Graeme S. Halford, Nelson Cowan and Glenda Andrews Griffith University, Mt Gravatt campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia Controllability and predictability in aquired motivation Susan Mineka, Psychology Department, University of Wisconsin Robert W. Hendersen , Psychology Department, University of Illinois Ann. Rev. Psychol. 1985. 36:495-529 Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction Karin Foerde, Barbara J. Knowlton, and Russell A. Poldrack PNAS August 1, 2006 vol. 103 no. 31

  39. References - papers Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses Naomi Eisenberger, Shelley Taylor, Shelly Gable, Clayton Hilmert, Matthew Lieberman Mental representations of social status Joan Y. Chiao., Andrew R. Bordeaux, Nalini Ambady Cognition, July 2003 Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion Eisenberger et al., Science, 10 October 2003: 290 The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions Barbara L. Fredrickson March 2001 American Psychologist The Experience of Emotion Lisa Feldman Barrett, Batja Mesquita,Kevin N. Ochsner, and James J. Gross Annual Review of Psychology 2007. 58:373–403 Neural Correlates of Conscious Self-Regulation of Emotion Mario Beauregard, Johanne Le vesque, and Pierre Bourgouin The Journal of Neuroscience, 2001, Vol. 21 RC165 1 of 6

  40. References - papers Emotional Arousal Can Impair Feature Binding in Working Memory Mara Mather, Karen J. Mitchell, Carol L. Raye, Deanna L. Novak, Erich J. Greene and Marcia K. Johnson Neuronal mechanisms of selective visual attention Robert Desimone and John Duncan Annual Review of Neuroscience 1995. 18:193-222 The Biology of Being Frazzled Amy F. T. Arnsten Science 12 June 1998: Vol. 280. no. 5370, pp. 1711 - 1712 Bad Is Stronger Than Good Review of General Psychology 2001. Vol. 5. No. 4. 323-370 Roy F. Baumeister and Ellen Bratslavsky, Kathleen D. Vohs Putting Feelings Into Words: Affect Labeling Disrupts Amygdala Activity in Response to Affective Stimuli Matthew D.Lieberman, Naomi I. Eisenberger, Molly J.Crockett, Sabrina M.Tom, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, and Baldwin M. Way Psychological science, volume 18 no. 5

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