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LHC Status : 2011 – so far …

Status of the LHC and LHC Upgrade Plans On behalf of the whole LHC Team and international collaborators. LHC Status : 2011 – so far …. 75 ns. 50 ns. Intensity Ramp Up. Intermediate energy run, technical stop, scrubbing. MD, technical stop Mini-Chamonix. MD, technical stop.

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LHC Status : 2011 – so far …

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  1. Status of the LHCand LHC Upgrade Plans On behalf of the whole LHC Team and international collaborators CERN-Russia Committee

  2. LHC Status : 2011 – so far … 75 ns 50 ns Intensity Ramp Up Intermediate energy run, technical stop, scrubbing MD, technical stop Mini-Chamonix MD, technical stop MD, technical stop b* = 1m Emittance reduction CERN-Russia Committee

  3. Luminosity Leveling via beam Separation Introduced luminosity leveling for LHCb can run at optimal μ and Lmax • Since end of May running at constant L ~ 3-3.5∙1032 cm-2s-1 with μ ~ 1.5 • LHCb want maximum time in physics and not an increase in peak performance CERN-Russia Committee

  4. Machine Developments : A few Highlights • First injection of 25 ns bunch trains with up to 288 bunches per injection and >1000 per beam. Physics fill with 25ns beams (60 bunches) to allow the experiments to check their triggering • Collision of (individual) bunches at 3.5 TeV with over twice nominal intensity . High pile-up physics data taken by ATLAS and CMS (m ~32). • Collision of 50 ns bunch trains with reduced crossing angle, demonstrating margin in long-range beam-beam effects. • Aperture measurements in the final focus regions give a larger value than assumed (better alignment, orbit control etc.). Lead to operation with smaller b* (1m) • First squeeze below 1.0 m, demonstrating b* = 0.3 m with pilot beam, flat machine, no collisions and special optics. CERN-Russia Committee

  5. …but not all plain sailing Vacuum activity when increasing the bunch population above~1.35E+11 ppb Very Sharp threshold. Electron Cloud effects are still present, but also vacuum ‘spikes’ Still under investigation Effects Seem to improve with time But still issues, especially in the vacuum around the experiments CERN-Russia Committee

  6. UFO’s Still around – but come and go … • Since July 201035 led to a beam dump. Typical characteristics: • Loss duration: ~10 turns • Often unconventional loss locations (e.g. in the arc) • Over 10000 candidate UFOsbelow threshold detected. On average ~6 UFOs/hour during stable beams in the arcs. Spatial and temporal loss profile of UFO Micrometer sized dustparticles are (still) the most plausible explanation. CERN-Russia Committee

  7. Record Page 1.0, 10,1.0,3.0 23 1.4x10+11 p 3.48x10+33 120 CERN-Russia Committee

  8. Still – Not so bad!! Oct 17th 2011 https://lhc-statistics.web.cern.ch/LHC-Statistics/# Alick Macpherson, YngveLevinsen and Mario Terra Pinheiro CERN-Russia Committee

  9. Rest of the year … and 2012 • There are 2 weeks remaining of the proton run, to date 5.2 fb-1 delivered • Some time needed for dedicated physics – Totem etc. • Then: • MD block: including a test of Pb-p • Pb-Pb Physics • ‘Chamonix’ Meeting early in the year will propose the running scenario for the year • Operation at 3.5 (or 4.0) TeV/beam • Likely to maintain with 50ns beam spacing (1380 bunches) • Push further the b* in ATLAS and CMS (60-80cm?) • Continue pushing up the bunch intensity • Work on the availability of the machine • Should be possible to at least get a factor 2 in integrated luminosity over 2011 CERN-Russia Committee

  10. Long Term Planning Not yet approved! Preparation of the LHC for High Energy Operation 6.5-7.0 TeV/beam Operation at ½ Energy Operation at Full Energy Upgrade of the LHC Injectors (LIU-Project) Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC Project) CERN-Russia Committee

  11. 2013-2014: LS1 • Consolidation of the machine to allow operation at full energy • Inter-magnet splice repair and design improvements • Complete pressure relief valve installation • Bring all elements to level needed for 7 TeV operation • Mitigation measures for Radiation to Electronics effects (move/shield/redesign) • Maintenance of all systems after 3 years of running. • Consolidation and first stage upgrades of the Detectors • New beam pipes in 3 of the 4 experiments • Maintenance repair and consolidation of the detector infrastructure • Additional detector components/upgrades • Duration • LHC Machine 20 months • ALICE 12-15 months • ATLAS 15 months • CMS 20 months New Vacuum Chambers • LHCb 12 months Huge Collaborative effort to get the work done in the time available CERN-Russia Committee

  12. LS1:Splice Consolidation Preparation CERN-Russia Committee

  13. LHC Injector Upgrade Prepare the LHC Injectors for the very high brightness beams needed for HL-LHC • The specific beam requirements for HL-LHC are still under study … • However a number of limitations exist in the injector complex and LIU aims to remove/raise them: • Space charge at injection into PSB -> Linac4 • Space charge at injection into PS, longitudinal instabilities, • Beam Instabilities in SPS + Electron Cloud Instability + RF Power limitations • Work is already in progress and will continue over the coming years. The main installations in the machines will be during the second long shutdown – LS2 CERN-Russia Committee

  14. Linac4 The first stage of the injector upgrade project, presently under construction Production of 160 MeV H- beams for all CERN facilities Commissioning in 2013/2014. Connected to the PS Booster when time is available CERN-Russia Committee

  15. LS2 : 2018, LHC Injector Upgrades • Connect Linac4 to PS Booster, (if not already achieved) • New PS Booster injection channel • Upgrade PS Booster from 1.4 to 2.0 GeV • New Power Supplies, RF system etc. • Upgrade transfer lines, instrumentation etc. • Upgrades to the PS • New Injection region for 2.0 GeV Injection • New/Upgraded RF systems • Upgrades to Feedbacks/Instrumentation etc. • Upgrades to the SPS • Electron Cloud mitigation – strong feedback system, or coating of the vacuum system • Impedance reduction, improved feedbacks • Large-scale modification to the main RF system CERN-Russia Committee

  16. HL- LHC Upgrade Aim to produce ~3000fb-1 delivered to the experiments over 10 years. • With a luminosity around 5x10+34 and leveling to limit pile-up • Increased bunch charge, low emittance from the injectors • Very Low b* (10-20 cm) in ATLAS and CMS – new insertions • Crab-cavities to perform leveling • Enhanced Collimation system • Major Upgrades to many technical systems. • Presently in the R&D Phase (magnets, RF, beam studies) • Major R&D Effort for High-Field Magnets • Studies of Crab-Cavity designs underway • Collimators in the cold arcs + robust jaw material studies • Construction of technical equipment is likely to start around 2016-17 • For installation during Long shutdown 3 (2022) CERN-Russia Committee

  17. R&D High Field Magnets • 13T 150mm Aperture insertion Quadrupoles (Cf 8T 70mm in LHC) • 11T Dipole magnets to make space for collimators in the DS • Separation dipoles 6-8T with large aperture (150+ mm) • Pushing NbTi technology and developing Nb3Sn • Strong collaboration with the US (LARP) TQS SQ SM LR HQ TQC CERN-Russia Committee

  18. Crab Cavities Combined with low b* provides a powerful way of recovering the geometrical reduction factor and leveling the luminosity qc International Collaboration – special compact design needed to fit in LHC CERN-Russia Committee

  19. R&D Superconducting Links Motivated by the need to remove the power converters out of the tunnel, avoiding radiation effects MgB2 (or other HTS) 7 × 14 kA, 7 × 3 kA and 8 × 0.6 kA cables – Itot120 kA @ 30 K Φ = 62 mm AlsoDFswithcurrentleadsremoved to surface Definitive solution to R2E problem Make room for shieldingunmovableelectronics Makemucheasiermaintnance and application ALARA CERN-Russia Committee

  20. Collimation Collimators with Integrated Beam position monitors : Precise positioning around the beam and rapid setup Design of a warm bypass for the installation of collimators in the cold sections of the machine Studies on novel materials (metal-diamond composites). Robustness tests under the extreme conditions of high energy beam impact CERN-Russia Committee

  21. Conclusions The steep performance increase of the LHC continues: A factor ~15 in peak luminosity since in 2011 This is not without problems and issues but most are well under control, or mitigation measures are in hand 2013/14 will see a major shutdown to prepare the machine for high energy operation The upgrade path for the machine and its injectors is taking shape covering the next 10 years. R&D for these upgrades is taking place now with the help of the whole accelerator community CERN-Russia Committee

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