Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects - ETS-VIII, WINDS, and STICS ..-

1. Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects - ETS-VIII, WINDS, and STICS ..- ETS-VIII WINDS STICS Nov. 13, 2008 Ryutaro Suzuki Space Communications Group New Generation Wireless Communications Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

2. Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects • Research Target of Space Communications • R&D History of Satellite Communication Systems • ETS-VIII project / STICS project • WINDS project • OICETS optical experiment • Reconfigurable Repeater development

3. Research Target of Space Communications • Broadband Satellite Communication systems • High speed multimedia services to home • Solving digital divide, Disaster communication • Mobile Satellite Communications in any time and any place • ETS-VIII, Quasi-GEO • Advanced Research for future broadband communications • High speed optical communications • Testing advanced technology in orbit just on time • GEO-Platform system

4. R&D History of Satellite Communication Systems Future 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Systems Commercial Service Space CS Ultra high-speed CS-2,CS-3 Start of Satcom R&D in Japan Highway Internet Sat. First National Com. Sat. Promotion of commercial use of sat. JCSAT WINDS Construction of a base for space information communications Mar. 1989 Superbird Dec. 1977 Feb. 23, 2008 Feb. 1992 COMETS ETS-VIII Commercial Service From Mobile Personal Com. Advanced Mobile Tokyo Olympic Vide Transmission ETS-V N-STAR Feb. 1998 Dec. 18, 2006 Mobile Satcom to LEO System NeLS Global Communications Quasi-Zenith Sat. High altitude communications High precision positioning Personal ETS-VI Aug. 1987 Personnel comm. 1964 Aug. 1994 BS ATS-1 First Domestic Broadcast Sat. Advanced Commercial TV Service COMETS Expansion of Services ETS-VIII 1966 Broadcast Advanced Broadcast Digital Audio High altitude /high quality BS-2 BS-3 Feb. 1998 2006 Apr. 1978 G-bit Laser Satcom ETS-VI OICETS Sat.-to-sat. space link Sputnik-1 Laser Com. Inter-satellite communication DRTS Sep. 2002 World's first artificial sat. Ultra high-speed optical communications Aug. 1994 Oct. 1957 ETS-VII Orbital remote inspection New space communication infrastructure Nov. 1997 Formation flight Geostationary platform Cluster Sat research

5. Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects • Research Target of Space Communications • R&D History of Satellite Communication Systems • ETS-VIII project / STICS project • WINDS project • OICETS optical experiment • Reconfigurable Repeater development

6. Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII) • 3 ton class satellite bus technology • S-band deployable large reflector • Advanced mobile Satellite Communications experiments: On-board Switch • Ranging and Positioning experiment: High Accuracy Clock Launched on Dec.18, 2006 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 3 beams are installed in ETS-VIII

7. Service Image of Advanced Mobile Communication Satellite Phone Phased array feeder for large reflector antenna Onboard Signal Processor

8. TX BFN1 TX BFN2 SW RX BFN1 Ka TWTA RX BFN2 LNA PS Ka LNA ・・・ ・・・ LNA 31 units SW NICT JAXA NTT Block diagram of ETS-VIII S-band Tx-antenna ( 13 mf ) EIRP < 63.8 dBW Ka Feeder Link Satellite Onboard Switch BFN & PS Phased Array Feeder Ka-band Antenna ( 0.8 mf ) EIRP < 46 dBW G/T < 14 dBK Ka-band D/C Voice Mode TRX SSPA 31units Data Mode TRX PIM-LNA Reflector 13 mf S-band U/C, D/C S-band Feeder Link High Accuracy Clock / RF unit L/S-band HAC Antenna 1 mf S-band Backup Rx-antenna (1m ) G/T < -6 dBK S-band Service Link High Accuracy Freq. Standard Malfunctions High Accuracy Time Exchange LNA Power Line Harness

9. Development of ground testing devices • Ka-band feeder link earth station • S-band fixed station • S-band mobile earth station • Telemetry/Command system S-band phased array antenna for automobiles Ka-band feeder link earth station (antenna) Ka-band feeder link earth station (RF section)

10. Size: 58 mm (W) x 170 mm (D) x 37.5 mm (H) Weight:: 266 g (without battery) Handheld Terminal for Voice Communication for ETS-VIII Because of LNA trouble of ETS-VIII, additional high gain transmission antenna should be needed to perform the experiments using Handheld terminals.

11. Uplink Improvement by using Digital Repeater Unit ETS-VIII uplink trouble was recovered by developing a digital repeater unit which receive the signal from the Handheld terminal and re-transmit to ETS-VIII by using 60 cmf antenna. HAC Antenna (RX) G/T: -7.3 dB/K Antenna Gain: 21.3 dBi 7 dBi (Patch Antenna) NICT Handheld Terminal 60 cmf Parabolic Antenna Gain: 21.5 dBi EIRP: 29.0 dBW EIRP: 0.2 dBW G/T: -27.5 dB/K Digital Repeater Unit

12. DVB-SH Transmission Experiment by ESA ETS-VIII Ku-band Ka-band NICT Kashima DVB-SH signal Sky Tower Satellite / Terrestrial Integration Experiment was carried out by using ETS-VIII. Base stations were installed in NICT, Sky Tower, and JVC factory. NICT Koganei S-band JVC Hachioji factory Mobile Test Van

13. R&D of STICS （Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated mobile Communication System） The cellular phone doesn‘t reach in the mountainous area, the island, and the sea. Moreover, the cellular phone cannot occasionally be used because of the disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons by the damage of the base stations. In NICT, new R&D of the satellite/terrestrial integrated mobile communication system is started which is effective even at such situations. This system is called STICS (Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated mobile Communication System) via satellite Communication is available both via terrestrial

14. Technological Study Items of STICS Geostationary Satellite Satellite Cell Service Link Technological items • 1. Frequency sharing technology between satellite and terrestrial systems • Cooperative frequency control technology • Dynamic network control technology Ground cell Hotspot Feeder Link • 2. Interference avoidance and frequency • allocationtechnology between • satellite and terrestrial systems • Anti-saturation amplifier technology • Low sidelobe technology • Super multi beam forming technology • Resource allocation technology WLAN base station Base Stations for feeder link Terrestrial base station Satellite gateway Terrestrial gateway Network Dynamic network control equipment 14

15. R&D for frequency sharing technology between satellite and terrestrial systems Frequency sharing technology 1710 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 MHz IMT-2000 IMT-2000 IMT-2000 MSS MSS UP Down MSS: Mobile Satellite Services 1980 2010 Service link 2170 2200 Cooperative frequency control technology Dynamic network control technology • Technology to improve the channel capacity, which control the communication resource* between satellite and terrestrial systems dynamically according to traffic distribution and variation. • Network technology to control the resource dynamically and unity depend on the traffic between satellite and terrestrial systems. *communication resource, frequency, time, power and space

16. Satellite Feeder link station Satellite control equipment or or f4 f3 f2 f1 Terrestrial base station Terrestrial control equipment R&D for Interference avoidance and frequency allocation technology between satellite and terrestrial systems • Anti-Saturation amplifier technology • Low sidelobe technology • Super multi beam forming technology • Resource allocation technology Beam pattern of desiredsatellite cell Satellite (GSO) Same frequency interference from terrestrial system at adjacent satellite cell Same frequency interference from terrestrial system at adjacent satellite cell Desired wave Terminal Base station Satellite terminal Terrestrial terminal Base station Desired satellite cell Space guard band Network Adjacent satellite cell Terrestrial cell

17. Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects • Research Target of Space Communications • R&D History of Satellite Communication Systems • ETS-VIII project / STICS project • WINDS project • OICETS optical experiment • Reconfigurable Repeater development

18. Purpose of WINDS • Features of WINDS • 1.2 Gbps high speed satellite communication • 155 Mbps broadband satellite communication for home • Wide service area: Asia and Pacific region • To resolve digital divide • Contribution to digital divide 0% in Japan • Contribution to resolving digital divide in Asia and Pacific region • Disaster management satellite communication • Back up of backbone (1.2Gbps) • High definition image transmission from disaster area using portable USAT (antenna size : 45cmφ) • Multicast service • SHV (Super High Vision) distribution • Telemedicine • e-learning

19. WINDS broadband satellite communication experiments

20. History of The WINDS Gigabit Satellite R&D WINDS JAXA/NICT (2002 - ) CRL (1996 - ) Ka-band Scanning Spot Beam Antennas On-board Switch - Development of new technology verification - Application demonstrations - Expansion of Broadband Networks - Collaborations among Asia-Pacific nations - Contribution to disaster mitigation • Key technology development • Onboard switch (ABS) • Active phased array antenna (APAA) • Multi-port amplifier (MPA) • High speed burst modem • R&D of key technologies • Onboard processing & switching • Scanning spot beam antenna

21. Development Schedule of The WINDS Launched on Feb. 23, 2008

22. Unique Features of The WINDS Very high data rate Wide bandwidth (1.1 GHz) High power multi-port amplifier (MPA) High gain spot beam antenna Very high data rate burst modem Flexible and wide coverage Active phased array antenna (APAA) Fixed multi-beam antenna (MBA) Rain attenuation compensation Flexible power allocation by MPA Internet connectivity Advanced baseband switch (ABS)

23. 290mm 650mm 470mm 540mm Rx APAA Tx APAA External view of WINDS Multi-beam antenna reflector Multi-beam antenna reflector for domestic coverage (2.4 m) for S.E. Asia coverage (2.4 m) by courtesy of JAXA 2.4-ton satellite bus Ka-band active phased array antenna APAA (APAA) Total EIRP: 54.6 dBW (1-beam transmission) 52.1 dBW (2-beam transmission) G/T: 7.1 dB/K

24. Coverage of WINDS Hawaii can be covered by using APAA • Fixed beams cover Japan and several South East Asian areas. • APAA Scanning beams cover almost all areas visible from WINDS.` qqqqqqqqqqqqqq =0

25. Ground Terminals / Data Communication Rate Bent-pipe ~622Mbpsx2 1.2 Gbps U/L WINDS D/L Bent-pipe ~622Mbps LET >5mf LET >5mf SDR-VSAT2.4mf SDR-VSAT2.4mf ABS＊ DEM/ ATMS/ MOD 155Mbps 1.5~155Mbps HDR-VSAT 1.2mf HDR-VSAT 1.2mf 155Mbps 1.5 - 6Mbps USAT 45cmf USAT 45cmf ※：byNICT

26. High-speed network earth stations 4.8 m antenna of LET SDR-VSAT SDR-VSAT: Super high data rate-VSAT

27. Results of 622 Mbps transmission test

28. Basic Experiments Satellite developing organization (JAXA and NICT) plans and carry out Application Experiments MIC invited public proposals 53 experiments were adopted (30 international experiments) Tele-medicine, E-learning, Propagation, etc Experiment plan using WINDS

29. Trunk Line Connection Experiment with Terrestrial Network 1.2Gbps high speed satellite link is connected with terrestrial network and is used as backbone link. Technical purpose To verify the compatibility between terrestrial IP network and satellite link (to examine the countermeasure against the degradation of throughput due to delay in the satellite link)

30. Access Link Connection Experiment with Terrestrial Network Assuming the disaster, users connect to USAT via wireless LAN and communicate with Internet using WINDS.

31. NHK’s Super High Vision transmission experiment This experiment uses the maximum performance of 1.2Gbps by using bent-pipe transponder. The data rate of SHV (Super High Vision) is 16 times ( 4 x 4 ) of normal high definition video images. The raw data rate of SHV is 24Gbps. →The SHV signal is compressed to 150~1,000 Mbps for transmission.

32. Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects • Research Target of Space Communications • R&D History of Satellite Communication Systems • ETS-VIII project / STICS project • WINDS project • OICETS optical experiment • Reconfigurable Repeater development

33. Optical Space Communications (Research phase) • Multi-10 Gbps class optical space communications • Quantum Communication experiment between ISS and Ground stations • Inter satellite link ( GEO - LEO, LEO – LEO ) • High speed feeder link for satellite communications Mechanical Tracking Equipment Laser Tracking Trial for Optical Comm. using HAPS

34. OICETS - Ground Laser Communication Experiments • Optical communication experiments between OICETS and NICT Optical Ground Station (OGS) were conducted in 2006 and 2008. • To improve uplink and downlink performance under atmospheric turbulence, LDPC coding technology with multi-beam transmission are employed. OICETS (Kirari) Beam width of the OICETS laser is around 5 m. Optical terminal Laser from OICETS Moon Laser communications Laser from NICT OGS Wavelength: 800 nm-band Output power at aperture - OGS: 10mW - OICETS: 53mW Photo of uplink/downlink NICT OGS

35. Recent Activity on Space Communications Projects • Research Target of Space Communications • R&D History of Satellite Communication Systems • ETS-VIII project / STICS project • WINDS project • OICETS optical experiment • Reconfigurable Repeater development

36. Technological demonstration of onboard software-defined radio system Versatile onboard modulator and demodulator (MODEM) with SDR technique. application proof of highly functional onboard transponder. application proof for next-generation communication satellite. Adaptable to latest communications technology with flexible link design and high data rate. Gracefully degradable equipment with functional redundant technique Reliability enhancement of onboard MODEM with software-defined radio flexibility. Introducing a soft fault decision process (multilevel, not “hard decision”) for extending mission equipment lifetime (autonomous fault decision and resource evaluation). Reducing redundancy by assigning a light load to partially “out of order” equipment with taking account of a required computational complexity disequilibrium in an onboard MODEM. Test bed in Orbit The architecture and the information for the OSDR programming will be opened. Objectives of SDR type Transponder (Research phase)

37. All in one with RECONFIGURATION “TDMA”: Time Division Multiple Application Mesh type connection Broadcasting, One way star type Baseband switching and Regenerative relay “Adaptive communication” mod/demod, codec, protocol and termination layer Emergency communication system Layer 3 switching + onboard PEP Onboard Web server system

38. Conclusions • NICT R&D items • Development of the Gbps-class ultra-high speed satellite communications system • Development of next-generation mobile communications • Research of the millimeter wave / optical high-speed transmission system • Research of the fundamental technologies to improve reliability and/or flexibility of satellite communications systems • Projects • WINDS development • ETS-V, ETS-VIII developments STICS project • ETS-VI, COMETS: millimeter OICETS optical experiment • Reconfigurable Repeater development