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Raj Gupta and ML Jat International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

Farmers Participatory Adaptive Research for Large scale Roll-out of Resource Conserving Technologies. Raj Gupta and ML Jat International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Challenges of South Asian Agriculture. Agricultural Productivity in USD /ha.

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Raj Gupta and ML Jat International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

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  1. Farmers Participatory Adaptive Research for Large scale Roll-out of Resource Conserving Technologies Raj Gupta and ML Jat International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

  2. Challenges of South Asian Agriculture

  3. Agricultural Productivity in USD /ha Nexus of low productivity , poverty and rainfall between 78.83°E to 86.13° E longitude - Low lands ( Chaur , Tal and Diara lands), shifting river courses - ‘Rice-Fallows’, Seeds, Low fertilizer Use, weak infrastructure and technologies - Little ground water development during Kharif Source: Data Adapted from Ramesh Chand et al .2009

  4. CSISA Action Corridors • 163 districts in IGP • 67 districts covered • 1/3 of the IGP • Nine hubs with one • satellite established and • fully functional

  5. Conceptual Framework of CSISA Strategic Entry Points and Potential Options for solutions • Water 2. Rainwater 3. Nutrient 4. Terminal Heat • shortages Management Imbalances tolerance/ Seed • Laser land leveling • Raised beds • DSR & remove puddling • In-situ moisture conservation • Groundwater recharge • Conjunctive use of nutrient inputs • LCC/ SPAD/GS • Super granules • Cultivar choices • Seed increase • Water schedules • Residue manage.

  6. 8. N Mgt. 7. Water Mgt. AWD 6. Weed Mgt. 80% basal +LCC Stepwise Layering of strategic technologies 5. Paired row Manual 4. + Control traffic 5 Equal space 3. + Residues Free Wheeling 4- _ 1. Laser Leveled and bunded + Unpuddled transplanted or DSR- Zero till Wheat in flats Other example of layering of improved technologies 3_ 1- • Farmers seed v/s Improved HYV choice • Flat v/s Raised bed Planting • Raised bed 67 cm v/s 90 cm • Planting time late v/s Early • Aged v/s Young seedling of rice • # of seedling/hill (1 v/s 3-4) • Manual v/s Mechanical transplanting Layering of Strategic Entry Points: An example 2. Primed improved seed +/- Conventional PTR

  7. Schematic Diagram of Operations in CSISA Hubs

  8. CSISA Focus of Last-Mile Delivery • Farmers often seek immediate gains, produce more at less costs • Bridge ‘geographically differentiated’ management yield gaps • Strengthen Public -Private partnerships / net works • Developing Technical options to match endowments of farmers • Empower farmers with knowledge- provide timely solutions. • Strengthen the input chain - weak / dysfunctional • Training and machinery use for timely operations • Inclusive of deployment of seed to facilitate technology transfer

  9. Laser Assisted Precision Land Leveling • Laser land leveling introduced in the region • 6700 units (Farmer investment ~ USD 9.0 Million) • Saved 800 Kwhr-1 units /ha during rice season in Punjab; USD 55M in India( Sidhu,2009), and saves 25-30% water at least • Employs 4 persons for 125-150 days / year.

  10. Crop Enhancement Research Gaucho Treated Untreated • HD2824 not responsive to seed treatment • HD 2733 respond more to Raxil • K307 responds more to Cruiser Crop enhancement research enthusing seed companies to Join us

  11. Zero v/s Conventional till Wheat : planting time effects in eastern Gangetic plains

  12. Choice of wheat cultivars for RW and MW systems in EGP Maize –Wheat system Rice -Wheat System • Common cultivars : Ufan , DBW17, HD 2967 • RW System : Baaz, HD 2967, HD 2985, Ufan , DBW17 • MW System : DBW 17, Ufan, Raj 4120, HD 2643, HD 2967

  13. Terminal heat Turboseeder (ZT+R): Offsetting Terminal Heat in Wheat

  14. Wheat Productivity and Soil compaction under ZT v/s Conventional (Rotavator) N=10, Haryana

  15. Direct Seeded Rice becomes a Reality: Relevant to all ecologies DSR in uplands • DSR rice improves productivity of Wheat • DSR and PTR yield can be similar at less cost and saving of water • Rice hybrids useful for in irrigated areas • Choice of rice cultivars and use of herbicide molecule holds the key for success in DSR DSR in flood prone areas

  16. Dual-purpose wheat for green fodder and grain Dual purpose wheat to promote crop-livestock integration in NW -IGP Oat + Berseem to be tried • Screen new cultivars/ regeneration? • 18t/ha of Green fodder – USD $600ha Sole Cut for green fodder Berseem

  17. Cotton- Wheat System • Relay planter developed ( for timely planting of wheat in cotton) • About 10% gains in cotton yield due an additional pick • Gain in wheat yield are nearly 1.0 ton / ha (USD 200) • Obviate seasonal labor shortage

  18. Emerging Cropping Systems • Shift from Rice –Potato (DSR-Potato+maize) - BINA7 – (Potato+Maize) likely benefit ~ USD 1000 • Rice-Rice Rice-maize/pulses • Cane –Wheat - Sugarcane + wheat /onion/garlic ~ USD 1750 (Intercropping becoming real) • Rice-potato-wheat/sunflower Rice-potato-maize in north west

  19. Seed Systems 800 tons seed of elite crop cultivars for Eastern Gangetic plains

  20. New CA Machinery Developed for Large Scale Adoption Bucket Spreader PCR planter High clearance Axle less multi-boom lost cost sprayer

  21. Thanks

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