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Introduction to Matter

Introduction to Matter. Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume. Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume. Matter -. anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). Mass – the measure of the amount of matter an object contains. Volume – the amount of space that an object occupies.

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Introduction to Matter

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  1. Introduction to Matter Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume

  2. Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Mass – the measure of the amount of matter an object contains Volume – the amount of space that an object occupies solids: cm3 liquids: mL measured with a balance measured in grams (g) not the same as weight

  3. Measuring Mass, Weight, and Volume Definition: The amount of matter an object contains. Definition: The downward pull on an object due to gravity Definition: The amount of space an object occupies. Instrument: scale Instrument: balance Instrument: graduated cylinder, L x W x H, water displacement Metric unit: gram (g) Metric unit: newton (N) Metric unit: solids – cm3 liquids – mL

  4. Other • information: • weight of an object • will change with • location if the • gravity changes • Other • information: • solids, liquids, • and gases all • have volume • Other • information: • will not • change with • location

  5. Your weight on different planets

  6. Introduction to Matter Section 1.2: Matter is made of atoms Section 1.3: Matter combines to form different substances

  7. Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of matter.

  8. Democritus’s Model Democritus suggested: • Atoms were the smallest particles of any substance. • Atoms cannot be divided. • Atoms differed in size, shape, and, weight.

  9. Solid Sphere Model John Dalton 1803 Dalton explained: • Atoms are the smallest particle and cannot be divided. • Atoms that make up the same elements are the same. • Atoms that make up different elements are different. • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.

  10. Plum Pudding Model J. J. Thomson 1897 Thomson proposed: • Atoms are made up of positively and negatively charged particles. • The negatively charged particles he called electrons. • The negative electrons are set in positively charged particles.

  11. Planetary Model Ernest Rutherford 1911 Rutherford proposed: • An atom is made up of mostly empty space. • There is a center nucleus made up of positively charged protons. • Negatively charged electrons orbit around the nucleus.

  12. Bohr Model Niels Bohr 1913 Bohr proposed: • Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels. • Only a certain number of electrons could fit at each energy level.

  13. Electron Cloud Model • Protons and neutrons are tightly packed into the nucleus of the atom. • The electrons are in a cloud around the nucleus but not indefinite orbits.

  14. What is an atom? the smallest particle that makes up matter Two Parts of an Atom Electron cloud nucleus most of an atom’s mass most of an atom’s volume

  15. Parts of an Atom protons – positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom neutrons – neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom electrons – negatively charged particles found orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud

  16. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, and each is about 2000 times more massive than an electron.

  17. The Atom nucleus electron proton + + neutron + electron cloud

  18. Electron Cloud Nucleus makes up most of an atom’s volume makes up most of an atom’s mass Contains: Contains: electrons - negative charge protons- positive charge neutrons - no charge

  19. Normal atoms have no charge. the number of positive protons the number of negative electrons must equal - - + = + - + - + - +

  20. http://web.visionlearning.com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1.3-an-atoms.shtmlhttp://web.visionlearning.com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1.3-an-atoms.shtml

  21. Elements Definition - matter that is made up of only one kind of atom

  22. Periodic Table of Elements The Periodic Table of Elements is a chart used to organize and classify all of the elements.

  23. All information about an atom can be found on the Periodic Table of Elements.

  24. Name of the element Symbol for the element: • First letter always capitalized • Second and third letters always lower case • Periods are not used Atomic number: • The number of protons in the nucleus Atomic mass: • The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

  25. Information about atoms found on the Periodic Table of Elements: 18 atomic number Ar symbol Argon element name 39.948 atomic mass Round atomic mass to the nearest whole number (40)

  26. atomic number number of protons protons = electrons 27 atomic number element symbol element symbol Co element name element name cobalt atomic mass atomic mass protons + neutrons 59

  27. On the white paper: atomic number number of protons protons = electrons 27 element symbol Co element name cobalt atomic mass protons + neutrons 59

  28. neon sodium phosphorous calcium

  29. copper arsenic iodine seaborgium

  30. atomic mass number of neutrons number of protons element 14 7 88 Radium 6 Carbon 32 Cobalt Helium 2 7 3 12 Magnesium 78 Cesium

  31. atomic mass number of neutrons number of protons element 16 Oxygen Tin 50 195 78 238 Uranium 17 18 28 Nickel 61 Silver Phosphorous 15

  32. Atomic Number Atomic Mass Element Protons Neutrons Electrons Nitrogen 7 7 7 7 14 Calcium 20 20 20 20 40 12 12 12 12 24 Magnesium Chlorine 17 18 17 17 35 Neon 10 10 10 10 20 Zinc 30 35 30 30 65 Argon 18 22 18 18 40 Fluorine 9 10 9 9 19 24 28 24 24 52 Chromium Cobalt 27 32 27 27 59 Lead 82 125 82 82 207

  33. Periodic Table of Elements #1: Web Elements Periodic Table of Elements #2: Chemical Elements Periodic Table of Elements #3: Jefferson Lab Periodic Table #4: Los Alamos National Lab Jefferson Lab: Element Games

  34. Step 1: Glue your white paper to the TOP of your colored paper. Step 2: Writeyour research information on the white paper.

  35. Step 3: Fold the top of your paper to the bottom of the WHITE paper. Step 4: Fold up bottom flap. atomic number symbol name Add periodic table information. Step 5: atomic mass

  36. molecules Definition : a particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together • Molecules can be made up of atoms that are alike or atoms that are different.

  37. molecules Definition : a particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together • Molecules can be made up of atoms that are alike or atoms that are different.

  38. Molecules in Air

  39. compounds Definition – a substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms bonded together • A compound has different properties from the individual elements that make up the compound.

  40. Sodium chloride: salt sodium – a dangerous metal chlorine – a poisonous gas

  41. carbon – dark solid element oxygen – invisible gas element

  42. Water Molecule A water molecule contains: 2 hydrogen (H) atoms 1 oxygen (O) atom A chemical formula is used to identify the composition of a compound. The chemical formula for water is: H2O

  43. oooooooo NH3 Chemical formula Chemical formula Chemical formula C4H10 CO2

  44. Chemical formula: C6H12O6 llllllllllll

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