Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" Speech and Progressive Reforms

1. Daily History Question09.15.2015 • “We keep countless men from being good citizens by the conditions of life by which we surround them. We need comprehensive workman’s compensation acts, both State and national laws to regulate child labor and work for women, and, especially, we need in our common schools not merely education in book-learning, but also practical training for daily life and work. We need to enforce better sanitary conditions for our workers and to extend the use of safety appliances for workers in industry and commerce, both within and between the States…” • Theodore Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” Speech 1910 Based on the excerpt above, which Progressive reformers would Theodore Roosevelt have supported?

2. Bellwork #4 Based on your content knowledge and the political cartoon above, what was the main impact big business owners and political machines had over the Americans government during the Gilded Age? Big business owners and political machines had little control over the decisions made by the American Government American politicians refused to recognize the power big business owners and political machines had over the American economy. Big business owners and political machines used bribery and corruption to encourage lawmakers to make decisions that benefited laissez – faire business practices. Most American lawmakers were big business leaders who passed laws that allowed for corrupt business practices. Answer the following five questions concerning the political cartoon above. Time period – what time period was the cartoon drawn in? Action – what action(s) are occurring in this cartoon? Caption – Is there a caption or key words that are important to the over all message of the cartoon? Objects – what objects are in the cartoon? Symbols – what symbols are in the cartoon

4. Today’s Agenda09.26.2019 • Reading Quiz  blank piece of paper, pencil, and a pen. • Bellwork – The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • Notes • Gilded Age/Industrial Revolution, Progressive Era Timeline • Test Corrections

5. Reading Quiz #4 – Theodore Roosevelt • Theodore Roosevelt wanted the people to have ______________________. This term was used to describe the various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt. • Roosevelt earned the nickname of _________________________ for his efforts in taming all trusts that he deemed harmful to society. • He was the first president to truly enforce the _________________________________ • Roosevelt was so moved by Upton Sinclair’s ______________________that he pushed for legislation reforming the food industry (forever). • What was the name of the two laws passed? • Roosevelt did not agree that America’s resources were endless and therefore he began pushing for ______________________________throughout America. Bonus Question: Over all Roosevelt will set aside ____________________million acres of forest land. Bonus Question: He also established a number of national parks and monuments; including the __________________________________________________________________

6. Reading Quiz #4 – Theodore Roosevelt • Theodore Roosevelt wanted the people to have Square Deal. This term was used to describe the various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt. • Roosevelt earned the nickname of “trust-buster” for his efforts in taming all trusts that he deemed harmful to society. • He was the first president to truly enforce the Sherman Anti-trust law of 1890. • Roosevelt was so moved by Upton Sinclair’s The Junglethat he pushed for legislation reforming the food industry (forever). • What was the name of the two laws passed? • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food Drug Act • Roosevelt did not agree that America’s resources were endless and therefore he began pushing for conservation throughout America. Bonus Question: Over all Roosevelt will set aside 148 million acres of forest land. Bonus Question: He also established a number of national parks and monuments; including the Grand Canyon, Mesa Verde, Crater Lake . . .

7. Bellwok: As you watch the video, make a list of 5 reasons and/or ways this event could have been prevented.

8. The Rise of Labor Unions The need for reform grows

9. The Rise of the Labor Movement: grew out of the need to combat the growing capitalist society, (created by the Gilded Age) that reinforced two classes of society; the rich and the poor, and to protect the common interest of workers.

10. The Rise of Labor Unions • Labor Union: An organized group of workers formed to protect and further the rights of said group of people. Examples: UAW United Auto Workers  Labor Union that represents the working rites of those work in the auto industries manufacturing plants.

11. Why did Labor Unions form?

12. Faces of Lost Youth The Pictures from Lewis Hine http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/

21. The Rise of Labor Unions Women who worked as seamstresses work 12 hrs., 6 days a week • Working conditions: • Dangerous • Heavy machinery • Dangerous conditions in mines, construction etc. • Hot and unsanitary • Poor Treatment • Long hours, low wages, no job security, no worker benefits (example: healthcare, paid holidays, paid maternity leave). • Child labor, immigrant labor, and employment of women = lower wages Steel Mill workers work 12 hr. days, 7 days a week. No sick leave No vacation Railroads were among the most dangerous places to work 1890: 1 in 300 would die

22. Labor Facts • 1890: 4 million women working • 1920: 8 million • Children earned $.27 a day ($6.47 today) • Men made $498 per year ($7,100 today) • Women made $269 per year ($6,400 today) • Workers had no power. So they began to Unionize • Two main types of Unions • Trade Unions: Group of skilled workers who were good at a certain task. Example: carpenters, iron welders, plumbers, etc. • Industrial Unions: All workers within an industry would be represented

23. The Rise of Labor Unions • The #1 Method used by labor unions to push/demand for reforms were : Strikes- refusal to work as a form of protest • Collective Bargaining – a negotiation

24. Methods used by big Business • Owns of factories were anti-union because unions caused them to lose money. • Ways Employers stopped unionizing • They strictly forbid union meetings • Fired employees if found to be associated with an union • Refused to negotiate with unions • Forced employees to sign “yellow dog” contracts that said an employee would never join a union or go on strike before they would be hired. • Employers created “blacklist” of known workers who were a part of unions or suspected to be a part of unions. • If Employers found out a union had been created they would do a “lock out”. Keeping all employees out and refusing them work, thus pay. • Employers also used “Scab” workers. These are non-unionized workers who work in the factories (for less money) while the actual employees were on strike.

25. The American Federation of Labor 1881 • Samuel Gompers was the leader of the Labor Union movement in America. He founded the AFoL: American Federation of Labor • What they wanted: 8 hour work day, improved working conditions, higher wages • Who could joined: different skilled craft workers • Methods used: Strikes and Boycotts • Successes: • won the closed shop (where factories could only hire union workers)

27. American Railway Union • Founder Eugene V. Debs was a socialist and leader of the Labor Union movement. He founded the American Railway Union • What they wanted: 8 hour work day, improved working conditions, higher wages

28. Struggles and Conflict 1881-1900 – 24,000 strikes in the US

29. Haymarket Square Riot - 1886 • Knights of Labor led a strike for 8 hour work day • A bomb was thrown during the protest meeting held by striker and the police were called in. • Impact: • Knights of Labor are identified as anarchists and associated with violence • American public turned against them, and against labor unions in general

30. The Haymarket Square Riot: 1886, was a labor protest rally near Chicago that turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. Was a set back for Union movement due to the violence that erupted.Encouraged the idea that unions were full of anti-democratic people.

31. George Pullman Pullman Town, Illinois Sleeper Car

32. Pullman Strike 1894 • Due to the Gold Crisis of 1893, Pullman had cut the wages of his workers • Strike spread and brought railroad traffic west of Chicago to a standstill • Strikers received help from Eugene V. Debs and American Railway Union • President Cleveland sent troops and Supreme Court obtained a court injunction to stop the strike. • Why? Court said the federal government may intercede when interstate commerce is affected.

33. The Pullman Strike: 1894 RR strike & boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest. The first time The federal gov’t will use its power to break a strike.1st time the courts say the federal gov’t has the power to regulate interstate commerce. • Amid the crisis, on June 28, President Grover Cleveland created a national holiday, Labor Day, as a peacemaking gesture toward the American labor movement.

34. The Coal Creek War, TN

35. The Coal Creek War, TN • Coal Creek is in Anderson County TN – about 30 miles away from Knoxville. • In 1890 America went into an economic recession. The Knoxville Iron company cut wages. Minors went on strike to regain their wages. The Knoxville Iron company began using prison convicts as their labor source. The coal minors in Coal Creek rounded up all of the prison convicts, put them on a train, and sent them back to Knoxville; with a letter to the TN governor saying prison convicts were no longer welcome in the coal mines of East TN. For two years TN sent convicts and for two years the coal minors would send them back, while exchanging gun fire. A number of men in the TN State National Guard and coal miners were killed in the struggle to end this ‘loop hole’ to the 13th Amendment. • In 1892 the convict lease law was finally abolished. TN was the first southern state to do so. The Coal Creek War 1890-92 was an armed labor uprising that took place primarily in Anderson County, TN, which resulted in abolishing the convict lease system. Seen as a huge win for coal miners.

36. The Coal Strike of 1902 • Coal was the main source of transportation, running the factories, and heating of homes. If a shortage of coal were to occurred it would devastate America. • Coal mining was extremely dangerous work. (Sink holes, buried alive, gas poisoning, black lung disease) • Low wages • Long work hours • Union recognition The Anthracite (Pennsylvania) Coal Strike of 1902 May– Oct 1902. It threatened a national coal shortage. Due to length of the strike and winter coming, Pres. T. Roosevelt set up a Coal Miners Commission to look into their complaints. It was the 1st time the federal gov’t had sided w/ the laborers. 1902 coal strike resulted in a victory for the hard-coal miners with a 10% increase in wages and an hours reduction in their working day. 

37. Name that Era This is a chance to earn some points back on your participation grades . . . I will give you a person, place, event, law, (something). You must decide if it is a Reconstruction, Gilded Age, Industrial Revolution, or Progressive Era Concept. When you volunteer your answer you have to explain yourself to get your point.

38. President Garfield’s Assassination Gilded Age

39. Sherman Anti-Trust Act Progressive Era

40. Plessy v. Ferguson Reconstruction

41. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Progressive Era

42. 16th Amendment Progressive Era

43. Monopolies Gilded Age

44. “Trust Busting” Progressive Era

45. Compromise of 1877(Hayes – Tilden Election) Gilded Age Reconstruction

46. Ida Tarbell’s A history of Standard Oil Progressive Era

47. Completion of the Transcontinental Rail Road Industrial Revolution

48. Boss Tweed Gilded Age

49. Thomas Nast Progressive Era

50. Thomas Edison The Light Bulb Industrial Revolution