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The War Ends

The War Ends. 11-5 . Grant- General in Chief. Lincoln gives Grant command of all Union Army Grant takes command of Army of the Potomac to directly face Lee Wanted war over before election of 1864 Planned to wear Lee down Planned to continually head toward Richmond

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The War Ends

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  1. The War Ends 11-5

  2. Grant- General in Chief • Lincoln gives Grant command of all Union Army • Grant takes command of Army of the Potomac to directly face Lee • Wanted war over before election of 1864 • Planned to wear Lee down • Planned to continually head toward Richmond • Did not stop for re-enforcements between battles • Grant could replace troops, Lee couldn’t

  3. The Wilderness • Same battle ground as Chancellorsville • Fighting caught the woods on fire • Many died in the fire • Grant lost, but did not retreat • Changed direction and headed south

  4. Spottsylvania • Lee caught up to Grant at SpottsylvaniaCourthouse, VA • Series of battles lasted 11 days • Union dead piled 4 deep • Grant withdrew and continued south

  5. Cold Harbor • Grant launched an all-out attack on the Conf line • Suffered 7000 casualties in less than 1 hour

  6. Petersburg • Petersburg- railroad junction south of Richmond • Petersburg is heavily defended by static (in place) defenses- trenches, barricades, etc • Grant changes strategy • Sieges city

  7. Mobile Bay • Mobile Bay guarded by 3 forts • Union ships bypassed the forts and managed to seal off the bay • South has no ports on the Gulf of Mexico

  8. Atlanta • Union Commander William T. Sherman left Chattanooga • Moved toward Atlanta • Cut rail lines around city • Conf evacuated city • After capturing the city, Sherman ordered anything of military value be burned • Fires spread & burn 1/3 of the city

  9. Atlanta Burning

  10. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Nov 15, 1864 • Sherman leaves Atlanta for Savannah • Plans to cut a path of destruction across Georgia- destroyed everything of value • Wanted to make life miserable for civilians • Convince them to give up

  11. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Reached Savannah on December 21 • Turned north toward South Carolina • Burned the capital, Columbia

  12. Election of 1864 • Democrats have George McClellan • Promises to make peace with South • When Atlanta fell, North realized that the South was going to lose • Lincoln reelected • Lincoln sees his reelection as a mandate (permission of people) to end slavery • 13th Amendment passed in Jan • Outlawed slavery in the US

  13. Appomattox Courthouse • April 1, 1865- last rail line into Petersburg is cut by Union • Lee knows he cannot defend Richmond • Lee tries to escape with his army

  14. Appomattox Courthouse • Union cuts him off • Lee goes to Grant and surrenders his army on April 9 • Grant says the Conf soldiers will not be prosecuted, but can go home • sounds a tone of reconciliation. • When other southern armies hear of Lee’s surrender, they surrender as well.

  15. Lincoln’s Assassination • Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 12, 1865 • Booth was a southern sympathizer • Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theater • 'Sic SemperTyrannis' (Thus be to tyrants) while he jumped to the stage from the Lincolns' balcony

  16. Aftermath of the Civil War • As high as 40% of soldiers died • Most died of disease • About 620,000 died in the war • Strengthened power of Federal Government • Left south economically & physically devastated

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