The Colonies Come of Age

1. The Colonies Come of Age Chapter 3

2. England and its Colonies Chapter 3 section 1

7. England and its Colonies Prosper • The theory of mercantilism is what sparked the interests of the English in establishing colonies. Mercantilism = a country’s ultimate goal is self-sufficiency and that all countries were in competition to acquire the most gold and silver.

10. Countries wanted more gold coming in than out. The British felt the American colonies were a good place to trade goods. There were plenty of raw materials there.

11. The Navigation Acts • In the 1600’s the colonies were sending large amounts of furs, tobacco, lumber, and other things to England. But the colonists were also selling some goods to other countries. This helped the colonists make extra money.

12. The English saw this as a threat. In 1651, the British Parliament, the country’s legislative body, passedthe Navigation Acts. The Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted trade for the colonists.

13. The acts were favorable to the English in that by restricting trade with England, the English dock workers were in demand. This meant more jobs. Shipbuilding also began to boom.

14. Colonists did not like the Navigation Acts. It cut into their profits. Many of them began to smuggle. In 1684, King Charles II began to crackdown on these people in Massachusetts.

15. The English were having a hard time getting the Puritans there to obey there laws.So they revoked the Puritan charter. Massachusetts then became a royal colony, under the control of the crown.

16. The Dominion of New England • James II came into power in 1665. • He placed the Northern colonies under a single ruler in Boston. • All the land from Maine to New Jersey became one big colony called the Dominion of New England.

17. The Dominion of New England • James II chose Sir Edmund Andros, an aristocrat to rule. He was not the nicest person. “You have no more privileges left you, than not to be sold for slaves.” Puritans disliked him because he questioned the lawfulness of their religion.

19. He enforced the Navigation Acts. • Punished smugglers. • Restricted assemblies. • The Puritans tried to send a minister back to England to have him removed, but they were unsuccessful.

20. Glorious Revolution • King James II was unpopular in the colonies. The fact that he was Catholic and disrespected Parliament made him liked less back in England.

21. When he had a son in 1688 the British decided that they could not have a Catholic Dynasty.

22. The Parliament invited William of Orange from Holland and his wife Mary to take over the country. • William was the husband of James Protestant daughter Mary.

23. King James II fled the country and they took the throne.

24. A series of laws were passed by parliament which established its laws over the Monarchy. This series of events was known as the Glorious Revolution.

25. When the colonists heard about the Glorious Revolution, they had their own bloodless revolt. • They arrested Andros and his royal councilors.

26. Parliament gave them back their charter, but required the Puritans to be more tolerant to other religions and made them allow non-puritan representation in the colonial assembly. So the Puritans could no longer persecute Quakers and Anglicans.

27. England Loosen its Reigns • In 1688, England stopped worrying about the colonies and began concentrating on France. For they were competing with England over control of Europe. The colonies were making England money so they did not worry about sending soldiers over to enforce laws. VS

28. Salutary Neglect • After the Glorious Revolution England tried to strengthen the Navigation Act by • Trying smugglers by English judges • Creating a Board of Trade to monitor colonial Trade.

29. The judges were not to hard on the smugglers. The officials only lightly enforced the new measures.

30. Salutary Neglect became known as the policy of Parliament not supervising the colony closely as long as raw materials continued flowing into the homeland and the colonists continued to buy English-produced goods.

31. Governors of the colonies were put in charge by the king. The colonial assembly paid the governors salary.

32. So the colonialists influenced the governors by ways like the approval of laws and appointments of judges. This gave the colonists a taste of self government.

33. The colonists still considered themselves British subjects They wanted to benefit the British Empire as well as themselves. • The colonies did not have much in common with one another. The Northern and Southern colonies were developing different societies altogether.