Unit 13, Book Ⅰ

1. Unit 13, Book Ⅰ 郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室

2. Contents of Unit 13, Book Ⅰ • 1 Language Structures: Modal auxiliaries • 2 Dialogue Ⅰ: A Trip to China • 3 Dialogue Ⅱ: Criticizing • 4 Reading I & II • 5 Exercises

3. Language Structures 1.May / might are used to express possibility. Might can substitute may with little change of meaning in many situations. Compared with may, might denotes more tentativeness. In predictive use, may/might can be followed by the perfect infinitive to show the possibility of something having happened in the past. Both denote the speaker’s lack of confidence in his statement of a past event.

4. Present time context, for examples, If you don’t work hard, you may fail again. He may / might be serious. • Past time context, for examples, He told me that he might be the right person for the job. They may / might have arrived earlier than he had expected.

5. 2. Should / ought to are used to express obligation or duty. While should is more frequent than ought to, ought to isstronger than should. Apart from this, should is more subjective, indicating the speaker’s advice and offering friendlier advice. Ought to is more objective, conveying a reprimand or warning. Should/ought to + perfect infinitive construction indicates non-fulfillment of an obligation and carriers counter-factual implication. Whereas should offers friendly advice, ought to would strike as disapproving and non-negotiable. Egs: It serves you right. You should have listened to me. You should/ought to have left a margin on the left when you take dictation.

6. 3. would rather is used to express preference. It denotes the subject is more readily or willingly to choose sth. or to do sth. more than others. For examples, would rather die than surrender I would rather go out to do sports than stay at home watch TV.

7. 4. must is used to express strong probability, i.e. the speaker’s confidence in the truth of what he is saying. Can’t is used to express impossibility. Must denotes a higher degree of probability than any other modal auxiliary. Must can’t be used in negative sentences, where can supplies the missing form of the paradigm. Must /can’t + perfect infinitive pattern gives a guess or draw a conclusion concerning a past event. • You smell of alcohol, you must have drunk some wine. • They can’t have been here yesterday.

8. Dialogue Ⅰ I. Ask the students to listen to the recording and then ask them questions to check their understanding of the dialogue. II. Language Points: 1. Fancy meeting you here. fancy (v.) a) usually used in imperative, expressing surprise, disbelief, shock etc. For example, • Fancy inviting guests and not treating them properly.

9. Language Points b) think or believe something; imagine, for example, • I fancied I had met him before. c) (informal) have a wish or desire for something; want; find somebody attractive, for example, • She fancies the man with the blue eyes. fancy (n.& adj.) (idiom) have a fancy for — desire, liking; for example, • I have a sudden fancy for some noodles.

10. 2. … the historic city Xi’an — China’s ancient capital on and off for several hundred years. • Compare the usage between historic and historical: • historic (adj.) famous or important in history E.g.: a historic occasion (It implies a significant event in history.) • historical: concerning past events; that have actually occurred or existed E.g.: historical records, events, people, fact • on and off / off and on — continuously E.g.: We had been friends on and off for so long.

11. 3. It was a breathtaking experience walking past them. • breathtaking(adj.) very exciting; spectacular • The v-ing phrase walking past them serves as the adverbial to express time relationship, which is equal to a subordinate clause when I was walking past them.

12. 4. take something for granted — be so familiar with somebody or something that one no longer appreciates his or its full value. 5. the authentic Chinese food that is unparalleled elsewhere in the world • authentic — adj. known to be true or genuine; trustworthy and reliable E.g.: an authentic signature, statement • unparalleled — adj. unmatched; having no equal E.g.: an economic crisis unparalleled in modern times

13. 6. You make my eyes shine and my mouth water. • water—v. (of the eyes) become full of tears; (of the mouth) produce saliva E.g.: The food smells good; it makes my mouth water. His mouth watered at the thought of dinner. 7. I’ll ask for your company. • company—n. [u] being together with another or others E.g.: We’ll be glad of your company. • Collocations: • in company with; • keep somebody company; • keep/ part company with

14. Dialogue Ⅱ • Listen to the recording and then sum up the main idea of the dialogue. • Words and expressions 1. come around: a) visit somebody or a place E.g.: He promised to come round and fetch me. b) (of a regular event) arrive, recur E.g.: I’m always glad when pay-day comes round. 2. be fed up with: be tired of; be unhappy E.g.: I’m fed up with talking to you. • Ask students to work in pairs to make up a conversation for each of the situations provided by textbook.

15. Reading Ⅰ • Background Information: • Freud and The Interpretation of Dreams: Few figures have had so decisive and fundamental an influence on the course of dream work in modern cultural as Freud. According to Freud, dreams are symbolic fulfillments of wishes that can’t be fulfilled because they have been repressed. Often these wishes can’t even be expressed directly in consciousness, because they are forbidden. So they come out in dreams in strange ways, in ways that often hide or disguise the true wish behind the dream.

16. Language Points 1. run into: encounter unexpectedly E.g.: The project is running into financial difficulties. 2. toss and turn: toss about in bed 3. fly into a rage: become suddenly very angry Collocation: fly into a temper 4. The inventor awoke from the nightmare with a start. start—n. sudden quick movement of surprise, fear, etc

17. 5. Elias Howe was far from being unique in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Paraphrase: Howe was certainly not the only one who had turned to dreams for help with their problems. • far from — not at all E.g.: What you say is far from the truth. • unique — adj. being the only one of its type; unparalleled; having no equal or like

18. 6. This unconscious, but still active, part digests your experiences … • digest — v. take (information) in mentally; fully understand E.g.: Have you digested everything that is important in the book? It took her a while to digest the sad news. • Paraphrase: After one falls asleep, that part of his mental activity of which he is unaware is able to collect information from his experiences and helps to solve the problems that puzzle him during the day.

19. 7. It isonly when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. • The emphasis is on the adverbial clause indicating simultaneous activity. The emphatic form “It is…that / who…” can be used to place emphasis on the subject, object or adverbial, but not on the verb predicate of a sentence. If the subject is a person, either “that” or “who” can be used. Make changes of the  sentence below so that the subject, object, or adverbial is emphasized.

20. Exercises • Check the corresponding exercises in Workbook and explain the difficult points in them.