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Modern Amphibians

Modern Amphibians. Anura/Salientia (frogs & toads) ~ 3500 sp; Triassic Caudata/Urodela (salamanders) ~ 350 sp; Jurassic Apoda/Gymnophiona (caecelians) ~ 60 sp. general features. 'amphibious' life cycle ( metamorphosis ) smooth, glandular skin three chambered heart carnivorous.

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Modern Amphibians

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  1. Modern Amphibians • Anura/Salientia (frogs & toads) ~ 3500 sp; Triassic • Caudata/Urodela (salamanders) ~ 350 sp; Jurassic • Apoda/Gymnophiona (caecelians) ~ 60 sp

  2. general features • 'amphibious' life cycle (metamorphosis) • smooth, glandular skin • three chambered heart • carnivorous

  3. Cutaneous Respiration

  4. Order Anura/Salientia • distribution cosmopolitan except Antarctica; tropics especially • elongate hind limbs & powerful leg muscles • strong pelvis fused to the vertebral column; posterior vertebrae fused into a urostyle 4. sticky, protrusible tongue 5. species specific vocalizations 6. external fertilization; amplexus

  5. “spades”

  6. Bufo americanus, American Toad

  7. Bufo cognatus, Great Plains Toad

  8. Gastrophryne carolinensis, Eastern Narrowmouth Toad

  9. Pseudacris crucifer, Spring Peeper

  10. Hyla sp., Gray Treefrog complex

  11. Acris crepitans,Blanchard’s Cricket Frog

  12. Rana blairi,Plains Leopard Frog

  13. Rana utricularia, Southern Leopard Frog

  14. Rana catesbeiana, Bullfrog

  15. Rana clamitans,Green Frog

  16. Order Caudata/Urodela • distribution: primarily northern hemisphere • neoteny- adult retains juvenile features • Family Plethodontidae- loss of lungs; cutaneous respiration • troglodytes- cave dwellers

  17. reproduction • courtship: species specific displays (visual, tactile, & chemical cues) • internal fertilization; spermatophore transfer • eggs laid in water or moist soil • larvae; aquatic & gilled in many • territoriality

  18. Ambystoma texanum, Smallmouth Salamander

  19. Ambystoma maculatum, Spotted Salamander

  20. Ambystoma opacum, Marbled Salamander

  21. Ambystoma tigrinum,Barred Tiger Salamander

  22. Courtship in Plethodontids

  23. Nasolabial Groove

  24. Plethodon ouachitae, Rich Mountain Salamander

  25. Plethodon serratus, Southern Redback Salamander

  26. Eurycea multiplicata,Many-ribbed Salamander

  27. Desmognathus brimleyorum, Ouachita Dusky Salamander

  28. Notopthalmus viridescens, Central Newt

  29. Order Apoda/Gymnophiona •  legless & fossorial • distribution: tropics

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