EAST BAY CLEAN CITIES COALITION

1. EAST BAY CLEAN CITIES COALITION Richard Battersby Director, East Bay Clean Cities Coalition Ethanol Overview Date

2. About Clean Cities Reduce Replace Eliminate Mission To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the United States by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that reduce the use of petroleum in the transportation sector Goal Reduce petroleum use by 2.5 billion gallons per year by 2020 • Replacement • Reduction • Elimination Accomplishments • Displaced nearly 3 billion gallons of petroleum since 1993 • Put more than 775,000 alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) on the road • Installed more than 6,600 alternative fueling stations

3. About Clean Cities

4. Ethanol Basics • Renewable fuel produced from plant materials (biomass) • Same chemical compound in alcoholic beverages (C2H5OH) • Comes from starchy feedstocks (corn, sugar cane, sugar beets) and cellulosic feedstocks (yard waste, grasses, poplars) • Blended at low levels into 80% of gasoline sold in the United States • Increasingly available as E85, for use in flex fuel vehicles • High-octane fuel

5. Basics: Blends • E10 • Contains 10% ethanol, 90% gasoline • Most common blend in U.S. • EPA: “Substantially similar” to gasoline in all vehicles • E15 • Contains 15% ethanol, 85% gasoline • EPA: “Substantially similar” to gasoline in MY2001 and newer vehicles • E85 • Contains 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline • Alternative fuel under Energy Policy Act of 1992 • Used in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) • Available in most states

6. Basics: Blends • Intermediate Blends • E20, E30, E50, etc. • Only for FFVs • Blender Pumps • Mix E10 with E85 to create intermediate blends • Provide flexibility for future changes in regulations • Allow for choice, based on prices and performance

7. Basics: Production • Ethanol from Starch and Sugar • Ethanol from sugar beets and sugar cane most common in Brazil • Corn ethanol most common in U.S. • Dry milling • Wet milling

8. Basics: Production • Cellulosic Ethanol • Uses woody, structural parts of plants • Crop residues, small trees, grasses • Research under way to improve cost and efficiency

9. Basics: Distribution

10. Benefits Energy Security • More than half of U.S. petroleum is imported • Production of one unit of corn ethanol requires 0.78 units of fossil energy Public Health and Environment • Corn ethanol reduces GHGs by 19% to 52% • Cellulosic ethanol reduces GHGs by 75% • Reduces emissions of NOx, CO, benzene, 1,3-butadiene (higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions) • Existing Infrastructure • Only minor modifications required

11. Use: Vehicles • Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) • Qualify as alternative fuel vehicles under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 • Operate on gasoline, E85, and lower-level blends • Comparable acceleration, payload, speed • Single fueling system • Lower fuel economy on ethanol

12. Use: Fueling Options Existing E85 Stations • Ask about fleet discounts • Communicate potential E85 demand Converting Existing Equipment to E85 • Newer equipment, clean and in good condition • Use a contractor that knows state and local rules • Installing New E85 Equipment • Research local regulations • Use UL E85 listed equipment • Hire a professional with E85 experience • Contact the state energy office, industry associations, Clean Cities

13. For More Information Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/ethanol.html

14. For More Information • C Clean Cities Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC)

15. For More Information • Clean Cities • www.cleancities.energy.gov • Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) • www.afdc.energy.gov • Clean Cities Coordinator Contact Information and Coalition • www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/progs/coordinators.php

16. For More Information