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Chapter 18 The French Revolution and Napoleon

Explore the intricate societal divisions, financial crises, and significant political upheavals that led to the French Revolution. From grievances to radical declarations, witness the evolution of France's political landscape during this transformative period.

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Chapter 18 The French Revolution and Napoleon

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  1. Chapter 18 The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1 On The Eve of Revolution Section 2 The French Revolution Unfolds

  2. French Society Divided • The Clergy Enjoy Wealth • Society was divided into estates, or classes • Owned 10% of landand paid no taxes • Estates provided schools, hospitals and orphanages

  3. French Society Divided • Nobles Hold Top Government Jobs • King gave governmentand military jobs to Nobles • Many nobles were never paid • Did not like the royal bureaucracy

  4. French Society Divided • Third Estate is Vastly Diverse • Most diverse socialclass • Bourgeoisiewere the top of this class • Some were land owners and some were peasants • Many were very poor • Often had to turn to begging or crime • Had to pay massive amounts of taxes • Inequalityled to dissent from the third estate

  5. Financial Issues • National Debt Soars • Had years of deficitspending • Seven Years War and AmericanRevolution left France in debt • Government kept borrowing money • Bad harvestssent food prices soaring • Government had to raisetaxes

  6. Financial Issues • Economic Reform Fails • Louis XVI appointed Jacques Neckeras a financial expert • He urged the king to reducespending • When he suggested taxing the 1st and 2nd estate he was fired • King was to call the estates-general to meet with representatives of the classes when he wanted to make changes

  7. Louis XVI Calls the Estates- General • Estates Prepare Grievance Notebooks • Cahiers, or notebooks, or grievances were put together • Called for fair taxes, freedomof press and regular meetings • All three classesstuck together to fight the King

  8. Parisians Storm the Bastille • French citizens stormed the Bastille, a medieval fortress • They demanded gunpowder • The army fired on and killedmany citizens • The mob broke through the fences and killed the general

  9. Political Crisis Leads to Revolt Rumors Create the “Great Fear” Paris Commune Comes to Power Parisbecame the center of power Organizedprotests formed to support the revolution • WorstFaminein history • There were tales of attackson villages • Nobles tried to reintroduce medieval dues • Peasantsrevolted

  10. The National Assembly Acts • Special Privileges End • Feudalismwas abolished • Nobles did not giveup much • Wanted equalityfor all citizens

  11. The National Assembly Acts • Declaration of Rights of Man • Modeled after the Declarationof Independence • Determined all men are born free • All males were equal • Women were not granted the same rights

  12. The National Assembly Acts • Women March on Versailles • Women marched on Versaillesagainst Marie Antoinette • Took king and family back to Paris • King Louiswas a virtual prisoner for 3 years

  13. The National Assembly Presses Onward • The Church is Placed Under State Control • Clergybecame elected officials • Clergyman refused to accept the CivilConstitution

  14. The National Assembly Presses Onward • The Constitution of 1791 Establishes a New Government • Set up a limitedmonarchy • New assembly could make laws, collecttaxes, an decide on issues • Lawmakers were electedby male citizens

  15. The National Assembly Presses Onward • Louis’s Escape Fails • Tried to escape Franceat night • The King was recognized because of his faceon money

  16. Radicals Take Over • Rulers Fear Spread of Revolution • People started to flee Franceand tell of the revolution • Other countries strengthened borders because of the revolution • Neighboringcountries were afraid of conflict

  17. Radicals Take Over • Threats Come from Abroad • The Kings of Prussiaand Austria threatened the French People • The Frenchstarted to prepare for war

  18. Radicals Take Over • Radicals Fight for Power and Declare War • Price increasescaused food shortages • Everyday people pushed for the radicalrevolution • Jacobinstried to advance the revolution by educated people on issues

  19. Radicals Take Over • The National Assembly Declares War on Tyranny • Declared war on Austria • Declared was or Prussia

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