1 / 42

Napoleon and the French Revolution

Napoleon and the French Revolution. Napoleon and Revolution. I. Background (1799- 1815) Coup d’Etat of 18 Brumaire II. The Paradox of Napoleon Illusion of Democracy Reality of Empire 1802: Consul for Life 1804: Emperor III. Napoleon and the Romantic Swing Beethoven and Eroica

preston
Download Presentation

Napoleon and the French Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Napoleon and the French Revolution

  2. Napoleon and Revolution • I.Background (1799- 1815) • Coup d’Etat of 18 Brumaire • II. The Paradox of Napoleon • Illusion of Democracy • Reality of Empire • 1802: Consul for Life • 1804: Emperor • III. Napoleon and the Romantic Swing • Beethoven and Eroica • Goya, Spanish Resistance, & Nationalism • Resurgence of Nationalism

  3. Napoleon and Revolution • IV. Napoleon’s Achievements • Stability of Revolution • Concordat of 1801 • Government Reforms • Napoleonic Code • War and Empire: Constitutional System, Confederation of the Rhine • V. The Undoing of Napoleon and of the Revolution • War with Russia (1812) and scorched earth policy • March 1814: Napoleon’s abdication and exile to Elba • March 1815: 100 Days 18 June 1815: Waterloo • VI. Lasting Significance of Napoleon • VII. Congress of Vienna and the Alliance System

  4. Young Napoleon Bonapart in Italy “The Bridge at Arcole”

  5. Napoleon Timeline Napoleon’s Coup D’Etat & New Constitution Congress of Vienna Confederation of the Rhine Continental System Nap. dies Concordat W/ Pius 7th Emperor & Coronation Napoleonic Code Napoleon Abdicates Elba Exile March 1814 Waterloo June 1815 Russia withdraws from Continental System Consul for Life Peace of Amiens- Peace w/Britain Nap. Returns From Elba March 1815 Battles: Trafalgar & Austerlitz Russian Campaign 2nd Coalition Against France Congress of Vienna Nap’s Retreat Nap.-makes peace Napoleon Conquers most of Europe 1805 1799 1801 1802 1804 1806 1810 1812 1814 1815 1821

  6. Did Napoleon Push Revolution Forward? Or did he reject it? • Illusion of Democracy: • New more conservative constitution in 1799 • Freedom of speech curbed • Universal male suffrage • But illusory representative government • Reality of Empire • “authority from above, confidence from below” • 1802: Consul for life • 1804: Hereditary emperor • “The government of the republic is entrusted to an emperor”

  7. Birth of an Emperor (2 December 1804) “Emperor of the French” (vs. Consul of the Republic)

  8. From Consul to Emperor

  9. Romantic Attitudes to Napoleon:Beethoven’s Swing • Ludwig Von Beethoven (1770-1827) • Nature, Emotion, Common Humanity • Reflects uncertainty of period over impact of French Revolution • Admired Napoleon in his early days Symphony #3: Originally Bonaparte Symphony “EROICA”: In Memory of a Hero Tears up Dedication 1804 Premiered in Vienna April 7, 1805. 2 Dec. 1805: Battle of Austerlitz

  10. Romanticizing the Nation • Idea of the Nation • Overcoming Tyranny & Breaking free from the Past • Writers like Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron • Philosophers and Nationalists like Johann Fichte (1762-1814) in Germany and Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) in Italy • Historians & Philosophers • G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) and the Struggle of the World Spirit • Composers like: • Chopin, Polonaises (Polish Pieces) • Franz List, “Hungarian Rhapsodies” • Smetana, “Ma Vlast” (My Country) Delacroix, Greece Dying on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1827) Musée des Beaux-Arts, Bordeaux

  11. Romantic Attitudes to Napoleon:Goya’s Outrage Francisco de Goya, “Third of May, 1808”

  12. Two Different Romantic Visions Constable, “Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows”, 1831 Delacroix, “Liberty Leading the People” 1830

  13. Napoleon’s Achievements • Revolution Stabilized • Stability within France • Concordat 1801 • basis of church/state relations till 1900s • Begins “reconciliation” with Catholic Church • Gov’t retains a say in naming of bishops • Catholicism recognized as “religion of the majority” • France on the move across Europe • Reorganization of Government • Rationalization and Centralization of State • Bank of France (1800) • Education • Napoleonic Code (Civil Code) (1804) • a) Rationalization b)Property c) workers • War and Empire • Use of his Grande Armée, Confederation of Rhine • Satellite Kingdoms, Continental System

  14. Napoleonic Empire: 1810 Continental System

  15. The Impact of the Napoleonic Code

  16. 1812: The Russian Campaign and the Undoing of Napoleon

  17. Long-term Significance of Napoleon • Domestic changes and Imperial Changes • Consolidation of German States • Impact of Napoleonic Code • The Idea of La Nation • New diplomacy: The Alliance System • Holy Roman Empire (dissolved 1806) not revived

  18. Turning back the Revolution: The Congress of Vienna, Restoration, and the Alliance System • Metternich (1773–1859): Austrian Foreign Minister • Agreements: Sept. 1814–Nov. 1815 • New Territorial Boundaries (non-vindicative) • Restoration of European Monarchies and Louis XVIII • Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother) (1815-1824) • Legitimacy of Monarchy • Dissolution of Holy Roman Empire (dissolved in 1806) • The German Confederation • Balance of Powers: no one state would be allowed to dominate Europe

  19. Quadruple Alliance and the “Concert of Europe” • Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia • The Defeat of Liberal Revolution and Liberalism • Rejection of democracy, republicanism and nationalism • Assertion of a new Conservatism

  20. “A World Restored”: The 1815 Settlement

  21. The Legacy of the French Revolution: The Battle of Ideologies • Ideology: importance of ideas in political affairs • Body of ideas reflecting social needs or aspirations of an individual, group, class or culture • Spectrum of Ideologies that emerge from French Revolution Left Right Conservatism Liberalism

  22. Understanding Conservatism and Liberalism Liberalism Conservatism French Revolution Industrial Revolution European revolutions of 1820s & 1830s Defends propertied interests and constitutions Attacks privilege “Natural rights” but… Distinctions between active and passive citizenship Basic belief in change and progress Individual > Institutions Limited role of Government In favor of industrialization, capitalism, free markets Advocates: middle classes (bourgeoisie) Fears: mass democracy (the working class) Congress of Vienna & Holy Alliance Defends landed interests and tradition Stability Needs to justify need for old order Natural change: slow progression Restoration of old order Institutions > Individual Advocates: landed classes, monarchy, established church Fears: democracy and mobs Nationalism Enlightenment Revolution

  23. Battle of Friedland

  24. Europe in 1812

  25. The Retreat from Russia

  26. Retreat from Moscow

  27. Return of Napoleon from Elba

  28. Evening of waterloo

More Related