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Timeline Questions

Timeline Questions. Whose social and philosophical thought did Mao begin following while in college? What viewpoint of Mao’s led to him being rejected by both the CCP & KMT? What was the positive turnout for Mao from the Autumn Harvest Uprising? Why did the U.S. become Mao’s enemy?

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Timeline Questions

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  1. Timeline Questions • Whose social and philosophical thought did Mao begin following while in college? • What viewpoint of Mao’s led to him being rejected by both the CCP & KMT? • What was the positive turnout for Mao from the Autumn Harvest Uprising? • Why did the U.S. become Mao’s enemy? • What was the “Hundred Flowers” movement? • What are some reasons the Great Leap Forward failed?

  2. Early Life & College Studies 1893-1918 • Born into peasantry, rebellious son, studied Chinese classics & Confucianism • Soldier in Republican Army (overthrew Qing) • College: MARXISM!!  Favored peasant/worker class (personal & thru Marxist teachings); deals with army/military later as well

  3. Party Affiliation 1920-1927 • Failed at democratic organization • Founded CCP branch in Hunan (communist) • Joined KMT to help fight against invaders • Organized peasant unions, got leadership roles; published power of peasants  Marxist ideas isolated him

  4. Autumn Harvest Uprising & Red Army Formation 1925-1929 • KMT & Chiang Kai-shek battled communists; Mao led peasant armies; he was defeated & left for rural area  Developed land reform ideas, recruited troops • Troops became known as Red Army (cont’d into his rule); Improved on guerilla warfare  KMT troops destroyed and Mao gained prestige

  5. Long March 1934 • Chiang tried to eliminate communists again, Mao escaped & began march to protected base (6000 miles)  Zunyi Conference held along way where Mao gained power (more leadership)

  6. Japanese Invasion 1931-1937 • Imperial Japan moved further into China; KMT & CCP temporarily united • Troops made mainly of peasant (Red Army)  Success of peasant army solidified Mao’s efforts, he moved up in rank…began pushing out his critics in CCP

  7. Civil War 1945-1949 • Japan lost WWII; KMT & CCP fought for control of China • CCP had large, trained army and won in Oct. 1949…declared People’s Republic of China • KMT & Chiang Kai Shek fled to Taiwan to set up Republic of China China was in despair, Mao in power, modeled reconstruction after USSR (socialist ideals)

  8. Korean War & Hundred Flowers Movement 1950-1953, 1957 • Mao relied on USSR aid, allied with N. Korea, millions of Chinese died  Became enemies with US • Mao wanted to PRC to be united as one…led campaigns to weed out traitors • HFM- encouraged criticism, but it was more than expected, and attacked “rightists”  See evidence of fear in intellectuals later

  9. Great Leap Forward (In 1949, land taken from landowners & given to peasants who worked it = ) 1958-1960 • land taken from peasants & turned into communes owned by state =  • 20-40 families @ first  county size (1,000s) • Built backyard furnaces instead of factories to make iron tools • Melt down scrap metal…but then ran out and started melting already usable objects! (had to meet quota) • Couldn’t use what they melted (too brittle) • These workers also were NOT making food…

  10. Great Leap Forward • Commune leaders forced to meet quota of food production • Couldn’t meet it lied about amount produced • Govt took % based on that lie peasants starved • Some food taken by govt rotted in warehouses before being distributed, some sent to USSR for loan payment • Told to do close planting to use land efficiently • Plants use each other’s nutrients and they all die! (All critics were purged from office, many stayed quiet b/c of HFM)

  11. Great Leap Forward  Over 20 million people died • Not realized until outsiders came in, studied demographics • People eventually turned to cannibalism • 1961: Mao realized it didn’t work gave 3 men, including Deng Xiaoping, 5 years for economic recovery • 1966…Mao didn’t like they had control  leads to Cultural Revolution

  12. Cultural Revolution 1966-1976 • Mao’s economic recovery task force had always been loyal, but no longer agreed with his ideologies • Mao saw same ∆s in USSR  got group of radicals together to purge them • Created Red Guard (students) • Closed school to allow them to join  Mass propaganda of devotion to Mao (more so than Stalin), Little Red Book

  13. Cultural Revolution • Beat, tortured, and imprisoned leaders who opposed him • Suppressed all disorder/opposition with violence • Lin Biao designated as Mao’s successor • Pushed Mao’s Little Red Book • Instituted martial law  Mao eventually disposed of him for having too much power (fled to USSR)

  14. Death & Succession 1976 • 1972: Mao and his new successor both have health problems brings back Deng Xiaoping • Radicals continue to purge opposition • 1974: Mao favors Deng b/c economy is so bad • 1976: Mao dies • His helpers (Gang of Four) are arrested • Deng emerges as leader in 1977

  15. One-Child Policy 1979 • Mao had encouraged large families (labor for communes, soldiers)…exponential population growth • Deng needed to cut growth dramatically • Very severe punishments at first, less strict now  Unbalanced gender ratio, death/ abandonment of girls, controlled adoption policies, smaller population growth

  16. Tiananmen Square Massacre 1989 (June 4) • In Peking (Beijing), civilian/ student protest for democratic reform • Army came in shooting, with tanks…hundreds (thousands?) killed • Happening simultaneously with protest in USSR  Global condemnation

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