Chapter 4 The Colonies Develop

1. Chapter 4The Colonies Develop

2. Where would you settle? THINK about this… • Would you settle on a farm? Why? • Would you settle in a town? Why? • How would you make a living?

3. Regions Develop • By 1750, more than 1 million settlers called the English colonies home. • The colonies formed into 3 regions: • New England Colonies • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies • WHY? Different climate, resources and people in each region made them different.

4. The New England Colonies • Made up of: • Massachusetts (including Maine) • New Hampshire • Rhode Island • Connecticut Quick Look:

5. A picture of Boston – one of the largest cities at the time

6. The New England Colonies Economy • Rocky soil and a short growing season = little farming. • Subsistence farming– produced just enough food for themselves & little to trade. • Atlantic Ocean provided a fishing/whaling industry. • New England’s forests provided timber / lumber to build boats to fish.

7. The New England Colonies Trade • Triangular Trade– trading route with 3 stops. (makes a triangle) • Slaves, rum, spices, tobacco, rice, indigo, gold, sugar & molasses EXAMPLE – ship leaves New England with rum. Stopped in Africa, traded rum for slaves. Stopped in West Indies, traded slaves for sugar & molasses. Came home with sugar & molasses. • Navigation Acts– laws passed by England to ensure they make money from trading. EXAMPLE – taxing any goods not shipped to England. All shipping to be done in English ships (make $).

8. Triangular Trade

9. The New England Colonies Society • Few slaves in New England. WHY? Not many farms where slaves could work. • Some slaves did work as house servants, cooks. • Blacks in New England could buy their way to freedom. New England had more free blacks than any other region. • Puritan religion began to decrease (fade out) • WHY?Increasing competition from other religions • Cared more about business and $$$$ than religion.

10. The Middle Colonies • Made up of: • New York • Pennsylvania • New Jersey • Delaware Quick Look:

11. The Middle Colonies Economy • Diverse population – immigrants from all over Europe came to take advantage of productive land. • LONG growing season = LOTS of farming. • Grew cash crops– crops raised & sold for money. • Produced so much bread / grain products, they became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.

12. The Middle Colonies Cities • Harbors & rivers along the coast were ideal cites for BIG cities to form. • New York City • Philadelphia (fastest growing city in colonies) • WHY? Use water for transportation/trade routes • Had diversity(variety) of different people EXAMPLE – French, Swedish, Welsh, German, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish, African

13. The Middle Colonies Religion/Society • There were many different religions because of the many different people. • People in Middle Colonies were very tolerant (accepting) of different religions. • Quakers in Pennsylvania honored religious tolerance (letting you believe what you wanted). • Quakers believed all people were equal • Did not believe in slavery • Slavery did exist in the Middle Colonies, about 7% of the population were enslaved. Many worked in big cities (New York)

14. The Southern Colonies • Made up of: • Maryland • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia Quick Look:

15. The Southern Colonies Economy • Year-round growing season = rice, tobacco, & indigo crops. • Needed much labor to produce these cash crops (slaves) • Plantations formed - large farm that raises cash crops • Tried to force Native Americans to work, but they caught disease. To meet the labor need, planters used enslaved Africans. • African pop. grew in South. 85% lived in Southern Colonies

16. The Southern Colonies Economy & Slavery • Slave intensive crops = rice & indigo • Indigo - a plant that makes a deep blue dye. • Rice required back-breaking labor & skill. Many West Africans had these skills Planters became wealthy off $$ from crops. They called themselves the Planter Class • They would buy more slaves with their money to make more money.

18. Life As A Slave • Overseerswere men hired by the slave owner to watch over and direct the work of slaves. • Work 15 hours a day, lived in small one-room houses, little food. • Africans preserved many customs – dances, music, stories and even religion • Strong family values

19. Identify the 13 Colonies New York New Hampshire Pennsylvania Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Jersey Virginia Delaware Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

20. Natural border • What natural border lies west of the thirteen colonies that prevented settlers from moving too far west? Appalachian Mountains - known as the Backcountry

21. Visual Summary NEW ENGLAND: COMMERCE AND RELIGION New England was distinguished by its small farming towns and profitable fishing and trade. MIDDLE COLONIES: FARMS AND CITIES Middle Colony farms produced large cash crops that fueled trade in its coastal cities. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES: PLANTATIONS AND SLAVERY The South’s plantation economy and large number of enslaved Africans made it different from the other regions. THE BACKCOUNTRY The Backcountry was distant from the denser coastal populations, so settlers there developed an independent and rugged way of life. Back toTransparencies