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The Colonies Develop 1700-1753

The Colonies Develop 1700-1753. Chapter 4. Four Colonial Regions. * New England Colonies * Middle Colonies * Southern Colonies * Backcountry . New England Colonies.

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The Colonies Develop 1700-1753

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  1. The Colonies Develop 1700-1753 Chapter 4

  2. Four Colonial Regions *New England Colonies *Middle Colonies *Southern Colonies *Backcountry

  3. New England Colonies *Most New England farmers practiced subsistence farming: farmers produced just enough food for themselves/family and maybe a bit extra for trade. *Poor, rocky soil! Longer winters! Shorter growing season! *Fish and wood were among N.E. most valuable articles of trade. *Coastal cities grew rich as a result of shipbuilding, fishing, and trade.

  4. Atlantic Trade

  5. Atlantic Trade *New England settlers participated in Triangular Trade: Transatlantic system of trade where goods, including slaves, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in N. America. • Interactive Triangular Trade

  6. Atlantic Trade *New England made huge profits from trade. *England wanted a share of those profits. WHY??? Because the colonies belonged to England! *Passed the Navigation Acts in 1651: Made sure England made money from the colonies’ trade.

  7. African Americans in New England *Slavery not economical in N.E. WHY???? -small farms didn’t need large # of workers -farmers could not afford to house/feed slaves during long winters *Some N. Englanders did own slaves in larger towns -hired out slaves for shop or dock work -some slaves allowed to keep a portion of their wages -some slaves saved enough $ to buy their freedom!

  8. Changes in Puritan Society *Puritan religion slowly declined (1700’s) *Many reasons: • Drive for economic gain ($) competed with Puritan ideas. • Other religious groups established congregations in the region. • New charter took away Puritans’ political privileges, and granted voting based on land ownership instead of church membership.

  9. The Middle Colonies *More fertile soil *Milder climate *Longer growing season (crops) -These conditions attracted immigrants from all over Europe. -M.C. began to produce cash crops: crops raised to be sold for money. -After harvesting corn, wheat, rye, or other grains, they were sent to the gristmill to be ground into flour.

  10. The Cities Prosper *Harbors were perfect sites for cities Examples: New York City on the Hudson R. & Philadelphia on the Delaware R. *Merchants exported cash crops and imported manufactured goods *Valuable trade of port cities helped them to grow *The wealth gained brought many improvements to NYC and Philly.

  11. A Diverse Region *Great diversity in Middle Colonies -English -Swedish -French -German -Dutch -Scots-Irish -African -Scottish -Welsh

  12. African Americans in the Middle Colonies *1750, 7% of the pop. was enslaved. *Enslaved persons worked as manual laborers, servants, drivers, & assistants to artisans. *Tensions existed between the races and rebellions occurred. *Whites would resort to force and violence to control slaves.

  13. The Southern Colonies *Fertile soil and almost year-round growing season *Ideal for crops like tobacco, rice, & cotton *Required much labor to produce as a cash crop *Region’s waterways made it easy to transport crops *Most plantations were self-sufficient (everything needed produced on plantation) *As plantation economy grew, planters turned to enslaved Africans for labor.

  14. The Turn To Slavery *Pop. of enslaved Africans grew rapidly *By 1750 – about 40% of the South’s population was enslaved Africans *1660’s planters began using more enslaved Africans b/c…. • Indentured servants were leaving to start their own farms. • Unsuccessful with forcing Natives

  15. Planter Class *Increased use of slaves allowed plantations to expand *Slave labor allowed planters to become even wealthier *More slaves meant growing more tobacco, rice, or indigo (blue dye) *Small compared to rest of pop. but had control of political and economic power

  16. Life Under Slavery *Exhausting work under an overseer: men hired by planters to watch over and direct the work of slaves. *15 hr. days *Whipped if they weren’t doing their full share of work *lived in small one-room cabins w/only sleeping cots *small food portions like corn and pork *kept many customs and beliefs through music, dances, stories, and African religions.

  17. Resistance *Fought their enslavement! -worked slowly on purpose (slow production) -damaged goods -pretended to not understand orders -rose up in rebellion! Those caught would be killed and slave laws became even stricter

  18. Backcountry *Dense forests and streams *Located in/near the Appalachian Mts. *water and wood provided for drinking/shelter *Small farms common *First settlers made living trading with Natives *Next, farmers moved into the region *As # of settlers grew, conflict with Natives

  19. Where are the Appalachian Mts.?

  20. Appalachian Mountains

  21. Life *Backcountry settlers had to depend on themselves! *Built cabins/furniture with wood *Fed family with cattle/hogs they raised and fish/game they killed *Yes! They snacked on popcorn  *Women worked in cabins, the fields, and knew how to use guns and axes!

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