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Ions

Ions. Valence Electrons. electrons in the highest occupied energy level # of the group = # of valence electrons determines the chemical properties of an element usually the only electrons used in chemical bonds. group # = valence vlectrons.

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Ions

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  1. Ions

  2. Valence Electrons • electrons in the highest occupied energy level • # of the group = # of valence electrons • determines the chemical properties of an element • usually the only electrons used in chemical bonds

  3. group # = valence vlectrons

  4. http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_27-06un.JPGhttp://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_27-06un.JPG

  5. The Octet Rule • when forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas (ns2np6) • atoms of metallic elements lose electrons producing cations (positive ions) • Ca becomes Ca2+ • name of ion is the same • atoms of nonmetallic elements gain electrons producing anions (negative ions) • Cl becomes Cl1- • name of ion is now chloride instead of chlorine

  6. for transitional metals, charges of cations may vary • iron can be Fe2+ or Fe3+ • other elements fill some orbitals but don’t quite get a noble gas electron configuration

  7. http://jade.ccccd.edu/mweis/Images/Fireworks%20Drawings/2401%20related%20drawings/drawings%20in%20fireworks/body,%20cell,%20tissue/body_chem/chem_drw_atom_generic.pnghttp://jade.ccccd.edu/mweis/Images/Fireworks%20Drawings/2401%20related%20drawings/drawings%20in%20fireworks/body,%20cell,%20tissue/body_chem/chem_drw_atom_generic.png

  8. Lewis/Electron Dot Diagrams/Structures • electron dot structures/diagrams are used to show valence electrons • each dot around the element symbol represents a valence electron

  9. 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+/- 3- 2- 1- 0 As it turns out, atoms bond together for a very simple reason: atoms like to have full valence shells.

  10. e- + + - -

  11. it is easier to just draw Lewis-dot structures to show valence electrons instead of the drawing the whole atom

  12. Electron Dot Diagrams and the Periodic Table http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pertab/imgper/econfig.gif&imgrefurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pertab/perlewis.html&h=267&w=512&sz=22&tbnid=__EXctBwlG0J:&tbnh=66&tbnw=128&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3DElectron%2BDot%2BDiagrams%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

  13. http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical-nomenclature/images/polyions.jpghttp://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical-nomenclature/images/polyions.jpg

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