Animal Bites & Rabies

2. Animal Bites &Rabies

3. Rabies virus

4. Disease • Rabies virus causes an acute encephalitis in all warm-blooded hosts, including humans, and the outcome is almost always fatal. Although all species of mammals are susceptible to rabies virus infection, only a few species are important as reservoirs for the disease

5. Rabies family • Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA genomes. Within this group, viruses with a distinct "bullet" shape are classified in the Rhabdoviridae family. • The genus Lyssavirus includes rabies virus, Lagos bat, Mokola virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat virus 1 & 2 and Australian bat virus.

6. Transmission • The rabies virus is transmitted when infected saliva of a host is passed to an uninfected animal. Various routes of transmission have been documented and include contamination of mucous membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth), aerosol transmission, and corneal transplantations. The most common mode of rabies virus transmission is through the bite and virus-containing saliva of an infected host.

7. Oregon Administrative Rules

8. Animal Bites & Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules (OARS) Chapter 333, Division 19 ‑ Health Division 333‑019‑ • Except where specifically exempt, all dogs at least three months old shall be immunized against rabies by the age of six months. The following are exempt

9. Animal Bites & Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules • Vaccination of an animal against rabies is valid only when performed: a) by a licensed veterinarian; b) by a veterinary technician (certified according to OAR 875-030-0010) under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian; or • Except as provided in (3), any dog, cat, or ferret that has bitten a person shall be held for observation until the tenth day following the bite. This observation shall be under the supervision of a Licensed Veterinarian or other person designated by the Local Public Health Authority.

10. Animal Bites & Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules • A Rabies Vaccination Certificate shall be completed and signed by the person performing the vaccination.

11. Animal Bites & Rabies • (iii) Destruction of the head of a biting animal. No person shall destroy or allow to be destroyed without authorization by the local health officer or administrator (or designee) the head of a rabies susceptible animal which has bitten a person. • (B) Laboratory Testing of the Head of a rabies susceptible animal which has bitten a person. The head of the biting animal shall be submitted immediately and under refrigeration to the Oregon Public Health Laboratory

12. Rabies in the US

21. Human Rabies Data 1996-2005

22. Human Rabies DataUS acquired cases only

23. Rabies Information from the Oregon Health Division

27. Rabies Silver-haired bats Lasionycteris noctivagans

29. SILVER HAIR…………… BAT

30. Rabies in Oregon

31. Last: ANIMAL RABIES Cats 1999 Douglas Co. Dog 1990 Mexico/ Douglas Co. Fox 2000 Josephine Co. Oregon 1960 - 2002 Human 1989 Washington Co. Skunk 1979 Multnomah Co. Raccoon 1967Hood River Co. Cow 1999 Curry Co. COLUMBIA 3B CLATSOP MULTNOMAH 5B 21B, 1D, 1C,1S,1Hu UMATILLA WASHINGTON HOOD WALLOWA 12B, 1S, 1Hu 6B 1S RIVER SHERMAN 3 B 3B, 1R MORROW TILLAMOOK CLACKAMAS YAMHILL WASCO UNION 26 B, 1C, 1S 2B, 1C 4B GILLIAM 4B POLK MARION 1B 14 B WHEELER BAKER JEFFERSON 4B,1 Hu LINCOLN 7B LINN Legend: 4B, 1C BENTON 24B, 1F GRANT 25 B, 2F B Bat 4B C Cat CROOK D Dog LANE 1B 31 B, DESCHUTES F Fox 1D, 1F 14B Hu Human R Raccoon COOS MALHEUR DOUGLAS S Skunk 5B, 1F, 6B 10B, 1D, 1C. 1F LAKE HARNEY Co Cow 19B 7B JOSEPHINE JACKSON KLAMATH 4 B, 2F CURRY 8B 21B, 8 F 5B, 2F 1 Co Updated Jan 2001

32. COLUMBIA CLATSOP Rabies-positive animals Oregon, 2005 WASHINGTON HOOD RIVER MULTNOMAH UMATILLA TILLAMOOK SHER- WALLOWA MAN MORROW GILLIAM UNION YAMHILL CLACKAMAS WASCO POLK MARION LINCOLN BAKER WHEELER JEFFERSON = 1 Bat LINN GRANT BENTON CROOK DESCHUTES LANE COOS MALHEUR DOUGLAS HARNEY LAKE JACKSON JOSEPHINE KLAMATH CURRY

33. Rabies positive animals OREGON MAP 2006 COLUMBIA CLATSOP MULTNOMAH UMATILLA WASHINGTON HOOD WALLOWA RIVER SHERMAN MORROW TILLAMOOK CLACKAMAS YAMHILL WASCO UNION GILLIAM POLK MARION WHEELER BAKER JEFFERSON LINCOLN LINN BENTON GRANT CROOK LANE DESCHUTES COOS MALHEUR DOUGLAS LAKE HARNEY JACKSON JOEPHINE KLAMATH CURRY

36. Prevention or PEP • Preexposure vaccination is recommended for persons in high-risk groups, such as veterinarians, animal handlers, and certain laboratory workers. • Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is indicated for persons possibly exposed to a rabid animal. Possible exposures include animal bites,  or mucous membrane contamination with infectious tissue, such as saliva

37. Preexposure prophylaxis regimen •   Preexposure prophylaxis consists of three doses of rabies vaccine given on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28.

38. Postexposure prophylaxis regimen • In the United States, PEP consists of a regimen of one dose of immune globulin and five doses of rabies vaccine over a 28-day period. • Rabies immune globulin and the first dose of rabies vaccine should be given as soon as possible after exposure. • Additional doses of rabies vaccine should be given on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the first vaccination. Current vaccines are relatively painless and are given in your arm, like a flu or tetanus vaccine

39. Rabies Testing Laboratory Diagnosis