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Introduction to Animal Science . Competency 1.00. Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies. ANIMAL DOMESTICATION. Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people. REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION.
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Competency 1.00 • Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies
ANIMAL DOMESTICATION Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people.
REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION • To ensure a steadier supply of food and clothing • Companionship • Assist in labor
RESULTS OF DOMESTICATION • Less dependence on hunting and wild plants for food • A surer source of food and clothing • A more settled way of life • Selective breeding
WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING? Selecting animals with certain desirable characteristics to use for breeding purposes
ORIGIN OF CATTLE • Bos taurus- European cattle • Bos indicus- Humped cattle from tropical countries. • India • First brought to the U.S. by Columbus
Cattle Bos taurus Bos indicus
ORIGIN OF CATTLE • Major growth of large herds in great plains states because of grazing. • Midwest and north central states became the main area for finishing cattle because of grain.
US Cattle Finishing Grazing
ORIGIN OF SWINE • Sus scrofa and Sus vittatus. • Chinese were first to tame pigs • Brought to new world by Columbus • DeSoto took hogs westward • Midwestern cornbelt states became largest hog producing area
Swine Sus scrofa Sus vittatus
ORIGIN OF SHEEP • One of the first animals tamed by humans • Brought to new world by Columbus • Used by colonists mainly for wool • Northeast and Western states are main sheep producing areas
Sheep 4000 BC
ORIGIN OF GOATS • Pasang and Grecian Ibex- Wild goats found in Asia Minor • Goats brought to new world for milk and hair
Goats Western Asia
ORIGIN OF HORSES • Evolved from Eohippus • First tamed in Asia or Persia • Brought to new world by Columbus • Horses were left behind by explorers • Brought to new world for work animals
Horses Asia and Persia
ORIGIN OF POULTRY • Gallus gallus- Wild jungle fowl, ancestor of tame chickens • Turkeys were probably tamed by people originally living in America
Poultry Egypt India and China North America
Objective • 1.01 • Define terms used to identify animals by sex, age, & physical traits in the beef, swine, and poultry industry
Terms Bovine Swine Poultry Not castrated Bull Boar Rooster Castrated (young) Steer Barrow Capon Castrated (old) Stag Stag Young female Heifer Gilt That has not given birth Older female Cow Sow That has given birth Baby Calf Pig Chick
Objective • 1.02 • Identify the major breeds of beef, swine, and poultry
Beef Breeds • Angus • Black • Polled • Originated in Scotland • It is the most “registered” purebred • High in carcass quality
Beef Breeds • Hereford • Red and White face • Horns • Originated in England • Docile • Gentle temperament • Good foragers • Efficient converters of forage crops
Beef Breeds • Charolais • White to light straw colored • Naturally Horned • Breeding-up has created polled animals • Large framed • Originated in France
Beef Breeds • Brahman • Light Gray to Black or Red • Originated in India • Pronounced hump • Loose Dewlap • Insect tolerant • Disease tolerant
Polled Hereford • Developed from the horned Hereford breed • Originated in 1901 • Warren Gammon • Des Moines, Iowa
Limousin • Native to the south central part of France • Golden-red cattle
Beefmaster • Developed from: • Brahman • Hereford • Shorthorn • Developed by Ed Lasater in 1908
Dairy Breeds • Holstein • 90% of the dairy cattle in the US • Black and white • Leading producer of milk • Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year
Other Dairy Breeds • Jersey • Cream to light fawn to almost black • Number one in milk fat • Guernsey • Fawn and white • Ayrshire • Cherry red and white • Brown Swiss • Solid brown