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From knowledge creation to competence building with emphasis on SNE-TP and ENEN

GoNERI Symposium 2010 “For University’s Future in Nuclear Education and Research” Embedded Workshop on “Networking of Nuclear Education and R&D” December 7, 2010 Takeda Hall, Asano Campus, The University of Tokyo. From knowledge creation to competence building

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From knowledge creation to competence building with emphasis on SNE-TP and ENEN

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  1. GoNERI Symposium 2010 “For University’s Future in Nuclear Education and Research” Embedded Workshop on “Networking of Nuclear Education and R&D” December 7, 2010 Takeda Hall, Asano Campus, The University of Tokyo From knowledge creation to competence building with emphasis on SNE-TP and ENEN Georges VAN GOETHEM EC DG RTD, Energy (Euratom), Unit J.2 Fission georges.van-goethem@ec.europa.eu

  2. Table of contents 1 - Introduction: nuclear fission in the «energy – climate change» strategy 2 – SET-Plan and SNE-TP (withemphasis on ESNII) 3– « EuropeanNuclear Education Network »  (ENEN) 4 – Conclusion: networking nuclear research and training in cross-cutting topics

  3. 1 – Introduction: nuclear fission in the «energy – climate change» strategy Energy Materials Environment Computational Sciences

  4. Stakeholders in nuclear fission and radiation protection Euratom actions in close synergy with the stakeholders RTD organisations (e.g., public and private sectors, power and heat applications) systems suppliers (e.g., nuclear vendors, engineering companies, medical equipment) energy providers (e.g., electrical utilities, co-generation plants for process heat) nuclear regulatory bodies and associated technical safety organizations (TSOs) higher education and training institutions, in particular universities civil society (policy makers and opinion leaders) and various NGOs

  5. EC budget contribution to the global research effort in the EU How to better coordinate the national research and training budgets? The overall budget of the Framework Programmes has grown slowly but surely since the first edition, whose budget was on the order of 3.25 billion euros for a period of 4 years; that of the Fifth rose to 15 billion and FP6's total budget was 19.2 billion. FP7's total budget is 53.3 billion euros for a period of 7 years (which is equal to approximately 5 percentage points of total combined national research budgets). One of the goals of the EU (Lisbon strategy) was by 2010 to get to the point where total member State allocation to research and R&D from both public and industrial sources would be equal to 3% of GDP, as is the case in Japan and the US, but this objective is still a long way off.

  6. Overall budget of the Framework Programmes from 1994 to 2011 (all scientific disciplines) € Billion 5 years! 7 years! EURATOM EC

  7. Specific Euratom research budget from 1994 to 2011 (nuclear fusion and fission) € Million 4 years 5 years!

  8. 2 – SET-Plan and SNE-TP (with emphasis on ESNII) 8 March 2007: European Summit • By 2020: • 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels (30% if global agreement) • 20% reduction in global primary energy use (through energy efficiency) • 20% of renewable energy in the EU's overall mix • By 2050 : indicative 60 to 80% reduction in GHG The EU response to the low-carbon technology challenge: European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) ‘Towards a low carbon future’ COM(2007)723 of 22 November 2007

  9. European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) • The SET Plan proposes to launch • 6 European Industrial Initiatives • Wind Energy • Solar Energy • Biofuels • Carbon Capture and Storage • Electricity Networks (Smart grids) • Nuclear Fission: focus on the development of Generation IV technologies => ESNII • Fuel cells and hydrogen (JTI on-going) • Fusion (ITER on-going)

  10. Potential of technologies JRC/IE

  11. EU platforms for stakeholders in nuclear fission Stakeholders Safety Authorities European Nuclear Energy Forum ENEF High Level Group ENSREG Research/Innovation Technology Platforms SNETP and IGDTP ENEF = European Nuclear Energy Forum http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/forum/forum_en.htm ENSREG = European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/ensreg/ensreg_en.htm SNE-TP = Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform – http://www.snetp.eu/ IGD-TP = Implementing Geological Disposal of Radioactive waste - http://www.igdtp.eu/

  12. Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNE-TP) Launched in Brussels on 21/09/07 A vision report endorsed by 35 European organisations www.snetp.eu

  13. Strategic Research Agenda: 3 pillars of SNE-TP • - Vision Document (September 2007) • - Strategic Research Agenda (May 2009) • Deployment Strategy (May 2010) • ESNII concept paper October 2010 • www.snetp.eu ESNII = European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative

  14. ESNII - Advanced Reactor Systems Aims of Gen-IV advanced reactor systems are: • Enhanced resource utilisation • Competitive economics (Capital & Operating Costs) • Improved safety features (comparable/better than Gen-III) • Waste minimisation and reduced “environmental footprint” • Increased security, safeguarding and proliferation resistance • Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) – reference system • Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) • Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) • More information available at http://www.snetp.eu/ • http://www.snetp.eu/www/snetp/images/stories/Docs-ESNI/esnii-concept-paper-2010.pdf Technologies to be considered as part of ESNII:

  15. ESNII « Sustainable Fission » 2008 2012 2020 SFR Prototype ASTRID SFR (>500MWe) Reference (proven) technology 2-4 G€ LFR ETPP European Technology Pilot Plant (LFR) Alternative technology 600-800 M€ GFR • ALLEGRO experimental reactor (GFR) • Test bed of GFR technologies • Fuel qualification and Minor Actinides transmutation • Flexible fast spectrum material testing reactor • Test of coupling components and high temperature heat applications Supporting infrastructures, research facilities loops, testing and qualification benches, Irradiation facilities incl. fast spectrum facility (MYRRHA) AND fuel manufacturing facilities 600 M€ 750 M€ - 1 G€ R&D (15 years) 1,5 - 3 G€ 600 + (250-450) M€ MA fuel micropilot Total 6 – 10 G€ MOX fuel fab unit

  16. Material R&D (SNE-TP):proposed roadmap (2008 – 2044)

  17. Euratom FP7 fission & radiation protection IGD-TP • Management of radioactive waste: • Geological disposal • Partitioning & Transmutation • Key cross-cutting activities: • Research infrastructures • Human resources, mobility & training SNE ITP • Reactor systems: • Nuclear installation safety • Advanced nuclear systems • Radiation protection: • Risk from low doses • Medical uses of radiation • Emergency management MELODI

  18. Main goals of Euratom education and training contribute to the sustainability of nuclear energy: through innovation in reactor systems (in particular, Generations III and IV), in waste management (in particular, geological disposal) and in radiation protection (in particular, medical applications of ionising radiations). contribute to the continuous improvement of nuclear safety culture: competence building (on top of knowledge creation), while at the same time achieving the desired "free movement" of expertise across the European Union. 3 - « European Nuclear Education Network » (ENEN) focus on safety culture and mutual recognition Mutual recognition: more generally, the free movement of knowledge is called the "fifth freedom" in the EU global policy: it is complementary to the other four "freedoms" of the internal market (people, goods, capital and services).

  19. Definition of education and training Education is a basic and life-long learning process broader than training, encompassing the need to maintain completeness and continuity of expertise across generations essentially a knowledge creation process, involving academic institutions as suppliers and students as clients => it deals mainly with knowledge (and understanding) Training involves learning a particular skill or attitude required to perform a specific job, usually to an established standard concerned with schooling activities other than regular education programs essentially a competence building process, involving VET providers and academic experts as suppliers and professionals as clients => mostly about skills and attitudes, in addition to knowledge (competencies)

  20. Euratom policy for Education(knowledge creation)

  21. The ENEN Association A non profit international organization established on September 22, 2003 under the French law of 1901 and located at CEA-INSTN Paris. • Mission • The preservation and further development of higher nuclear education and expertise in all areas of nuclear fission and radiation protection (education and training) • Composition (as of June 2010) • 56 members from 17 EU Member States, plus Switzerland, South Africa, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Japan) • further international collaboration: partnership agreements (e.g., with ENS, IAEA/ANENT, Canada and WNU) + special agreement with the Joint Research Centre (DG JRC) • Website = http://www.enen-assoc.org/

  22. Mutual recognition of academic grades(European Credit Transfer System / ECTS) How about mutual recognition of professional qualifications ? (European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training / ECVET) Other reference for international accreditation = "ANSI / IACET 1-2007 Standard" - "International Association for Continuing Education and Training", created in 1968

  23. MODULAR COURSES AND COMMON QUALIFICATION APPROACH (coherent qualification methodology for the selection criteria of the modules) ONE MUTUAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR MASTER GRADES(European Credit Transfer and accumulation System [ECTS] of ERASMUS) MOBILITY FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ACROSS THE EU ("fifth freedom": free movement of knowledge and mutual recognition of diplomas) FEEDBACK FROM (SCIENTIFIC AND FINANCIAL) "STAKEHOLDERS".(listen to the needs of and involve the "future employers” in education programs) Reminder: facilitate the access to large RTD infrastructures and to industrial laboratories - define in detail the needed research infrastructures of common interest, define and provide legal and financial structures for facilitating the access of scientists to existing facilities - a special effort from the stakeholders is needed regarding internships for learners (an internship is an opportunity to work within an organization to acquire hands-on experience). Four principles of Euratom education strategy (ENEN)

  24. Euratom policy for Training (competence building)

  25. Innovation cycle for nuclear fission (RD&DD) from preconceptual to final design … manufacturing, construction, commissioning, operation, decommissioning (100 years for a NPP)

  26. Training in nuclear fission Toward a common nuclear safety culture: from knowledge creation to competence building IAEA definition: Competence means the ability to apply knowledge, skills and attitudes so as to perform a job in an effective and efficient manner and to an established standard (Safety Standards Series No. RS-G-1.4 / 2001) Knowledge: created in higher education institutions and in research organizations Skills and attitudes: result from specific training and on-the-job experience target audience of Euratom training: scientists and experts with higher education continuous improvement of competencies through borderless mobility and lifelong learning

  27. ECVET is aimed at facilitating the transfer, recognition and accumulation of assessed learning outcomes of individuals on their way to achieving a qualification => “European Passport” or portfolio of learning outcomes Graduate or young professional : principal question asked will no longer be: “what did you do to obtain your degree (or your qualification) ?” but rather: “what can you do now that you have obtained your degree ?” a new concept: the "learning outcomes“ to acquire specific competencies in a nuclear sector defined in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes assessed and recognized throughout the EU European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) ENEN contributes to the implementation of ECVET in five sectors: health physics (TRASNUSAFE); systems suppliers (ENEN III); safety authorities (ENETRAP II); radwaste agencies (PETRUS II); nuclear chemistry (CINCH)

  28. 4– Conclusion:networking nuclear research and training in cross-cutting topics • Safety • Numerical simulation • Education & training • Material research • Research infrastructures JHR MTR

  29. Available links • EU Energy research: http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/index_en.htm • Euratom Seventh Framework Programme: http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom/home_en.html • Information on FP7 and access to programmes and calls: http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html • Euratom Seventh Framework Programme funded projects http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/library_en.html • CORDIS publications • - http://cordis.europa.eu/fp6-euratom/library_en.html • - http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/library_en.html • - Euratom FP6 Research Projects and Training Activities, Volume I-II and III (PDF) • - Volume I ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp6-euratom/docs/nuclear_fission_eur21228_en.pdf • - Volume II ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp6-euratom/docs/nuclear_fission_eur21229_en.pdf • - Volume III ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/euratom-fission_eur22385_en.pdf • - Euratom FP7 Research Projects and Training Activities, Volume I (PDF) • - Volume I ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/fin-266-euratom-web-jun09v02_en.pdf • - Volume II http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/euratom-fp7-vol-2.pdf • Research*eu magazine http://ec.europa.eu/research/research-eu/index_en.html • Strategic Energy Technolog Plan SET-Plan http://ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/set_plan/set_plan_en.htm • FISA 2009 http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/fisa2009_en.html

  30. FISA-2009 conference – 22-24 June 2009, Praguehttp://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/fisa2009_en.html

  31. Proposal for « Materials for nuclearenergy » SiC fusion V alloy, ODS steel F/M steel ADS • Material challenges: • - High burn-ups • - Long service life-time (~ 60 years) • Compatibility with new coolants • - High in-service and off-normal temperatures S. Zinkle, SMINS 2007, Karlsruhe

  32. Generation IV / Fuels and structures (materials classes selected for Generation IV) (http://www.gen-4.org/)

  33. 3.1 High Cr Steels and ODS (for cladding of SFR) Candidate Ferritic / martensitic ODS for SFR Design of ODS materials for SFR application The ODS materials are candidate for the cladding tube of the Sodium Fast Reactor (RNR-Na) In-reactor conditions of use: • Temperature: 400-650°C • Irradiation doses: higher than 150 dpa • Applied stress after 80 000 hours: 100 MPa Phenix cladding tube

  34. Overview of Candidate Refractory Metals(for electronics, alloying, nuclear power, aerospace, chemicals/catalyst, metal cutting and forming, mining/oil drilling) 3.2 Refractory alloys Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Re, V Properties: • Very high melting point (2468 °C to 3410 °C); • Excellent strength at high temperatures; • Exceptional resistance to corrosion; • Excellent wear and abrasion resistance; • High resistance to thermal shock; • Good Electrical and heat conducting properties; • Hardness; • Excellent radiation shields.

  35. Carbide and nitride fuel embedded in SiC or TiN matrix Pellets in casing plates SiC/SiC Carbide and nitride fuel pellets in pins FUTURIX-MI (2007-2009?) irradiation campaign (1000°C-40 dpa) completes MATRIX (2006-2009?) at 400-550°C-72dpa on inert materials (SiC, TiN, SiC/SiC, W) MATRIX is DOE-CEA Initiatives, FUTURIX-MI and FUTURIX-Concepts are US-Japan-EU International collaborations in support to GFR fuel/FC development 3.3 Ceramics / composites (for core and in-vessel components of VHTR and GFR / temperature windows where metallic alloys are unfeasible) Primary issues for fuel claddings (FC) Target 60 dpa High temperature: max 1400°C Mechanical stress from fuel swelling (>200MPa, tensile) Chemical intraction F/FC (eutectic?) liner needed (W) Tightness (FC porosity), liner needed (W)

  36. 3.4 SIMULATION TOOLS: Understanding, Towards design Macroscopic Plasticity Design and integrity Mid and long term issue: to develop physically based modeling with a deep understanding of elementary phenomena in real materials and their evolution with T, irradiation damage, mechanical loading and coolant interaction Component Crystalline Plasticity Continuous Medium Years Dislocation Dynamics Experimental Simulation (charged particle beams) Aggregate Molecular Dynamics Grain JANNUS Ion irradiations Double beam 2010 Triple beam Ab Initio Dislocation Atoms 0 - ps Monte Carlo & rate equations

  37. 3.5 Support needs to R&D activities in the field of fabrication / joining / coating Focus on ceramic matrix composites Actually a large number of efforts is devoted to the development of improved SiC/SiC variants in the context of fusion materials-related Programs (EFDA, Broader Approach agreements). Cf/C composites of interest for VHTR “cold” components are much more mature from a fabrication viewpoint. The main CMC manufacturers in EU are: Snecma in France, Eads, MT Aerospace, AG, SGL and Schunk in Germany, and on a lower scale, FN in Italy. Manufacturers and their prime candidates must be examined for repeatibility and quality (especially for Cf/C). The properties of SiC/SiC composites appear to be less sensitive to the details of the manufacturing process. Two suppliers’ materials fabricated with high purity β-SiC fibres and the same matrix densification process have shown similar properties. This contrasts with Cf/C composites where minor changes in materials and processing methods by different suppliers can have significant impact on properties. Current manufacturing capabilities may present practical limitations to the size and shape of components that can be manufactured. For example, it may be difficult and expensive to manufacture a thin-wall, 1500mm diameter, 1200mm long cylindrical liner for the hot duct assembly. Are they interested to introduce new fabrication lines for new versions? (SiC/SiC) Inreaction is required between Materials community and manufacturers Link with European Industrial Initiative Platform Availability and costs of raw materials especially for SiC/SiC

  38. SEC(2009) 1295/2 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying document to the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies (SET-Plan) A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP Excerpt pp 53-56 SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (1/5)

  39. EUROPEAN ENERGY RESEARCH ALLIANCE (EERA) Overall objective To accelerate the development of new energy technologies in support of the SET-Plan by strengthening, expanding and optimising EU energy research capabilities through the joint realisation of pan-European programmes and the sharing of world-class national facilities in Europe, drawing upon results from fundamental research in order to mature technologies to the point where it can be embedded in industry-driven research. Technology innovation objectives Achieving Europe's 2020 targets on greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy and energy efficiency will require the deployment of more efficient and less costly technologies, available today at large but unattractive to the market. If the 2050 vision for complete decarbonisation in the EU is to be seized, actions to develop new energy technologies, through major breakthroughs and to advance these through the innovation chain to the market must be better organised, reinforced and carried out more efficiently. SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (2/5)

  40. The objectives of the EERA are to: 1. Increase energy efficiency and emission reduction potential ………. 2. Decrease costs and time to market ……………….. Actions The actions of the EERA comprise two levels: (1) Joint Programming and (2) linking the EERA programmes to other existing and emerging initiatives. SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (3/5)

  41. 1. Joint programming – Joint Programmes will be launched for several areas such as wind energy, PV, CCS, biofuels, CSP, geothermal energy, materials for nuclear energy, and other areas (e.g. smart grids, fuel cells and marine energy, etc). …………. – Materials for nuclear energy: The activities will focus on structural materials for Generation IV reactors. High-chromium-steels, refractory alloys and ceramics/composites were identified as priority areas to undertake joint activities in the field of material development and screening, characterisation, fabrication, pre-normative research and modelling, simulation and experimental validation. ……………. SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (4/5)

  42. 2. Develop links and sustained partnerships with existing and emerging initiatives The EERA aims to accelerate the development of new energy technologies by building upon the results of fundamental research and maturing technology development to a stage where it can be embedded in industry driven research. Therefore, close links with both industry driven research as well as fundamental research are key elements in the success of the EERA. 2.1 Link to industry and industry driven research. …………….. 2.2 Link to universities and fundamental research. ……………. 2.3 Cooperation with non-EU leading research institutes. ………………. 2.4 Collaboration with the SET-Plan Information System (SETIS). …………………………. Indicative Costs (2010 – 2020) Preliminary estimates by the Alliance to undertake and sustain the necessary joint programmes addressing the technologies of today, to better these for market take-up and innovate for the technologies of tomorrow show that an additional investment of about 500 million euros per year is required to complement the activities based on Member State funding. SET-Plan A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP (5/5)

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