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Abnormal Psych

Abnormal Psych. Ch. 3 - 5. Research. The Scientific Method. Conducting scientific research involves: Defining a problem Specifying a hypothesis Operating the dependent and independent variables Conclusion/retest. Types of Data Collection. Case Studies Naturalistic Observation

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Abnormal Psych

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  1. Abnormal Psych Ch. 3 - 5

  2. Research

  3. The Scientific Method • Conducting scientific research involves: • Defining a problem • Specifying a hypothesis • Operating the dependent and independent variables • Conclusion/retest

  4. Types of Data Collection • Case Studies • Naturalistic Observation • Survey • Correlational Studies • Correlation DOES NOT imply causation!

  5. Correlational Studies

  6. Gathering Info

  7. Symptoms and History • Current symptoms • Self concept • Recent events • History of psychological disorders • Family history of psychological disorders

  8. Physiological Factors • Physical Condition • Drug and Alcohol Use • Intellectual and Cognitive Functioning

  9. Assessment

  10. The Clinical Interview • Intake interview • Structured vis-à-vis unstructured • Resistance from the client is a limitation of the interview.

  11. Various Tests • IQ • Criticisms of? • Projective Tests • Rorschach Inkblot Test • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) • Draw-A-Person Test • Questionnaires • Symptoms • Personality Inventories

  12. Types of Validity (tests)

  13. Types of Reliability (tests)

  14. Observations and Self-Monitoring • Behavior Observation • Example: Watching a child interact with another child to see what provokes him or her • Self-Monitoring • Example: Asking a client to keep track of the number of times per day he or she engages in a specific behavior such as smoking a cigarette

  15. Problems in Assessment • Evaluating Children • Difficulties in communication and reporting • Cultural Bias • Language barriers • Different cultures experience different psychological disorders differently

  16. Diagnosis

  17. DSM IV (TR) Axis I Clinical disorders Personality disorders Mental retardation Axis II General medical conditions Axis III Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis IV Axis V Global assessment of functioning

  18. Biological Treatment

  19. Drug Therapies

  20. Other Biological Treatments • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • Psychosurgery • lobotomies

  21. Psychological Therapies

  22. Psychodynamic Therapies Therapeutic Alliance Free Association Concepts Working Through Resistance Counter-Transference Transference

  23. Humanistic Therapy • Client-centered therapy • The therapist communicates a genuineness in his role as helper to the client. • The therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the client. • The therapist communicates an empathic understanding of the client by making it clear that he understands and accepts the client’s underlying feelings and search for self.

  24. Behavior Therapies • Systematic Desensitization • Aversion Therapy • Relaxation Therapy • Distraction Techniques • Flooding • Operant Conditioning • Behavioral Contracting • Modeling and Observational Learning

  25. Cognitive Therapies • To assist clients in identifying their irrational and maladaptive thoughts and replacing them with more adaptive ways of thinking

  26. Group Therapy Examples of appropriate conduct Information and advice for members A safe place to take risks and accept criticism Opportunities to acquire and improve skills Information that other people share the same problem Opportunities for growth and personal satisfaction by helping others Opportunities to express feelings and gain self-understanding

  27. Factors of Successful Therapy A positive relationship An explanation or interpretation of why client is suffering Other factors Encouragement to confront negative emotions An integrative approach

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