Bell Ringer – 10/30 m.socrative.com – Room 38178 OR Bell Ringer Card

1. Bell Ringer – 10/30m.socrative.com – Room 38178 OR Bell Ringer Card • QUESTIONS: • 1. Name 3 Baroque painters. • 2. Name 1 Baroque sculptor.

2. Baroque Music 1 Bach and Handel

3. Baroque Music • Shaped by the needs of the churches • Used its emotional and theatrical qualities to make worship more attractive and appealing – get more people to stay with the church • Music was luscious, ornate, and emotionally appealing • Music period 1600-1750

4. Baroque Music • Baroque composers began to write for specific instruments or voices • No longer “here’s a 4 part piece, use any instruments or voices you want” • The Baroque era in music was crucial to the development of the modern musical language • Developed keys and scales • New kinds of action and tension – strong contrast in tone color and volume, strict rhythms and free rhythms • The invention of the printing press made the wide distribution of music easy

5. Instrumental Music

6. Instrumental Music • Instrumental Music assumed a new importance • A wide range of possibilities for individual instruments was explored • The instruments themselves went under technical development • Equal temperament (the idea that each half-step in a scale is equal distance from the one below and above it) established the musical scale

7. Instrumental Music – New Styles • Opera – theatrical play where every word is sung and accompanied by music • Fugue: means “flight,” musical composition in a fixed form in which a theme is developed • You start with a simple theme and as the tune goes on it becomes more and more complex • Polyphonic (more melodies add in) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVadl4ocX0M • Concerto: one or more soloists playing with an orchestra • Orchestra (at this point) – 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Bassoons, 2 Horns, 2 Trumpets, Harpsichord, 12 Violins, 4 Violas, 2 Cellos, Bass • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1nvxrCLzOQ

8. Instrumental Music – New Styles • Program Music: written with an external purpose in mind; to tell a story • Absolute Music: music for music’s sake (music that isn’t program music) • Sonata: any piece played on instruments that is NOT a fugue or concerto

9. Instrumental Music – New Styles • Is it a fugue? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjMZgCB9zcE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j69IL3QAVdg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYFMgeBaLUQ • Is it a concerto? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE2O_yfgtBU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKzkt0fyRn4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBiZVSljjv8

10. Antonio Vivaldi • 1669-1741 • Italian • “The Red Priest” (because of his red hair) • 450 concertos, 23 symphonies, 75 sonatas, 49 operas, and numerous cantatas, motets, and oratorios • Known for concertos (mainly for violin) and introducing program music • He played the violin (had asthma and could not play any wind instrument) • Most famous piece: “The Four Seasons” • Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter • Violin Concerto AND Program Music

11. Antonio Vivaldi • Well received during his lifetime, • but declined in popularity after death • Became popular during the first half of the 20th century • Ranks among the most popular and widely recorded of Baroque composers

12. Antonio Vivaldi – The Four Seasons • Four Violin Concertos depicting scenes appropriate for each season • Represented flowing creeks, singing birds, barking dogs, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, drunken dancers, silent nights, hunting parties (both the hunter and the prey), frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires • Each is accompanied by a sonnet, possibly written by Vivaldi

13. Antonio Vivaldi – The Four Seasons • Listen to each... Which do you think is Winter? Spring? Summer? Fall? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4kTei0XrCs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYyc4WXS2_Q • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es9RgQGw3Gk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZCfydWF48c

14. Antonio Vivaldi – The Four Seasons: “Spring” • Vivaldi alternates an opening theme (A) with sections that depict bird song, a flowing brook, a storm, and the bird’s return • ABACADAEA • The solo part has elaborate melodic ornamentation • Lots of fast “show-off” type passages • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4kTei0XrCs

15. Johann Sebastian Bach • 1685-1750 • Considered somewhat “old fashioned” during his lifetime. • Gained recognition in the 1800s • Born in Germany – both of his parents died at the age of 10 • Worked as a professional organist • He married his cousin – Maria Barbara Bach

16. Johann Sebastian Bach • Wife/cousin died in 1720 and he remarried • He went blind just before his death (2 years prior) • His sacred music allowed him to explore the Christian faith and to glorify God • Wrote for instruments and voice

17. Johann Sebastian Bach • Composed simple dances, solo violin and cello works (some of the most challenging even today), fugues, etc. • Keyboard works include over 600 pieces for organ, and 100s of pieces for harpsichord in all possible forms

18. Johann Sebastian Bach • Composed preludes and fugues in all possible keys to illustrate the greatness of equal temperament • Well Tempered Clavier – book that included them • F Minor, Harpsichord - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMZODtaf4d4 • Most famous: Toccata and Fugue in D minor • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGKfqSJbeAg • Appropriate for Halloween... • One of the most popular pieces in the organ repertoire