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SAQ

SAQ. Analyze 3 specific new inventions that contributed to a higher death toll during WWI. SAQ Practice. A. Identify and explain ONE strength of Germany ’ s plan to invade France through Belgium B. Identify and explain ONE weakness of Germany ’ s plan to invade France through Belgium

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SAQ

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  1. SAQ • Analyze 3 specific new inventions that contributed to a higher death toll during WWI.

  2. SAQ Practice • A. Identify and explain ONE strength of Germany’s plan to invade France through Belgium • B. Identify and explain ONE weakness of Germany’s plan to invade France through Belgium • C Identify the explain the cause of the stalemate on the Western Front

  3. US Enters the War • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • U-Boats • Lusitania • Sussex Pledge • Zimmerman Telegram • Mexico invade the US???

  4. A ‘lil organization… graphically

  5. The russian revolution of 1917-1920

  6. Essential Questions • What are the primary causes of the Russian Revolution? • How does the political revolution change the course of Russian history? • How does Russia emerge from this political crisis?

  7. The Fall of Imperial Russia Causes • Russian armies suffered from a lack of supplies and equipment. • Russia’s political system, with its weak Duma and powerful Tsar, was not conducive to total war mobilization. • The tsar, Nicholas II, distrusted the Duma and resisted calls to share power with his subjects.

  8. The Fall of Imperial Russia Causes (cont.) • In September 1915 the tsar took direct command of armies at the front, leaving his wife, Alexandra, and her adviser Rasputin in real control of the government. • In March 1917 troops in St. Petersburg mutinied as women rioted, demanding bread. The Duma formed a provisional government and the Tsar abdicated.

  9. The Provisional Government • The Provisional Government made Russia the freest country in the world on paper, with equality before the law, freedom of religion, the right to strike, and so on. • The Provisional Government shared power with the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies. • Following the failure of Russia’s summer 1917 offensive, the army began to dissolve.

  10. Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin’s political ideas: • Only violent revolution could destroy capitalism. • Socialist revolution was possible even in a backward country such as Russia. • Human leadership rather than historical laws made real revolutions. (this is a difference from Marxist theory) • Unlike many other socialists Lenin did not rally round the flag in 1914. • In April 1917 Germans smuggled Lenin out of exile in Switzerland and into Russia. • In the summer of 1917 Bolsheviks won support in Petrograd and by October gained a small majority in the Soviet.

  11. Trotsky and the Seizure of Power • In early November militant Bolsheviks under the leadership of Leon Trotsky seized power from the Provisional Government in the name of the Petrograd Soviet. • Reasons for Bolshevik success: • By late 1917 Russia was in anarchy. Power was available to anyone who would seize it. • Bolshevik leadership was superior to that of the Imperial or Provisional Governments. • In 1917 the Bolsheviks succeeded in appealing to many soldiers and urban workers.

  12. Dictatorship and Civil War • The Bolsheviks immediately legalized peasant seizures of land. • The Bolsheviks made peace with Germany in March 1918. (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) • In January 1918 the Bolsheviks dispersed by force the democratically elected Constituent Assembly, which was to write a constitution for Russia. • The Bolshevik destruction of democracy led to civil war in Russia from 19181921.

  13. Reasons for Bolshevik Success • The Bolsheviks won the civil war for several reasons. • They controlled the strategic center of the country. • The Bolsheviks’“White” opponents were divided and lacked a single clear political program. • Trotsky created a superior army to the Whites. • The Bolsheviks mobilized the home front, introducing forced labor, grain requisitioning, and rationing. • The Bolsheviks used terror to maintain discipline and subdue opposition. • Allied military intervention against the Bolsheviks allowed the latter to appeal to Russian patriotic sentiment against foreign invasion. Bolsheviks speaking at a meeting of workers and soldiers in Petrograd in 1917

  14. History has now confronted us with an immediate task which is the most revolutionary of all the immediate tasks confronting the proletariat of any country. The fulfilment of this task, the destruction of the most powerful bulwark, not only of European, but (it may now be said) of Asiatic reaction, would make the Russian proletariat the vanguard of the international revolutionary proletariat. And we have the right to count upon acquiring this honourable title, already earned by our predecessors, the revolutionaries of the seventies, if we succeed in inspiring our movement, which is a thousand times broader and deeper, with the same devoted determination and vigour. • V.I. Lenin, “Criticism in Russia” in What Is to Be Done?

  15. A. Identify and explain ONE difference between the Mensheviks of the provisional government and the Bolsheviks. • B. Identify and explain ONE MORE difference between the Mensheviks of the provisional government and the Bolsheviks. • C Explain how the Bolshevik slogan of “Peace, Land, and Bread” was intended to win Russian’s support.

  16. Questions for your review • What was the single most “fatal decision” made by Tsar Nicholas before the Russian Revolution? • Who was Rasputin? What was his influence w/i the Russian govt? What was his final fate? • What was Lenin’s contribution to Marxist theory? • What was the Petrograd Soviet’s Army Order #1? • Who was Trotsky and what was his role? • What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? • What was the Cheka? How was it used? • Who were the “White Russians”? • What effect did Allied intervention have upon the Russian Civil War?

  17. End of WWI • Both sides agree to stop fighting on • November 11, 1918 at 11am • Now the “Big Four” must determine the terms of peace.

  18. Goals of Paris Peace Conference

  19. Wilson’s 14 points • Click on the link at the bottom of Unit 7 page. • Each of Wilson’s 14 points addresses either • A cause of the war • A reason the US or other countries were drawn into the war • In partners, analyze each of the 14 points identifying which cause they were trying to prevent.

  20. Terms of Peace • In groups, Identify: • the different terms of the Treaty of Versailles. • Who was happy with the Treaty of Versailles and why • Who was unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles and why

  21. Parts of T.o.V. that will come back to Haunt the Allies… • Germany had to… • Pay War Reparations • De-occupy the Rhineland • Not have a standing Military • Created Poland, Czechoslovakia, Turkey, Mandates etc

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