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Plants

Plants. Part II. Vascular & Nonvascular. Vascular Made up of tube-like, elongated cells for transporting water, food, and other materials Includes most of the plants you are familiar with: Trees, ferns, grasses, ivy, flowers, etc Nonvascular Do not have the vascular tissues

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Plants

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  1. Plants Part II

  2. Vascular & Nonvascular • Vascular • Made up of tube-like, elongated cells for transporting water, food, and other materials • Includes most of the plants you are familiar with: • Trees, ferns, grasses, ivy, flowers, etc • Nonvascular • Do not have the vascular tissues • Mosses, hornworts, liverworts

  3. Vascular & Nonvascular Photo property of Bengt Korling Photo property of c3po.barnesos.net

  4. Photosynthesis • 6H2O + 6CO2 -----> C6H12O6+ 6O2 • Light dependent reaction • Convert light energy to chemical energy (ATP) • ATP is then used in the light independent reaction producing simple sugars • The Calvin Cycle • Converts Carbon Dioxide into simple sugars

  5. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis • Light Intensity • Carbon Dioxide Concentration • Temperature • Enzymes work best at specific temperatures

  6. Phloem Tissues • Sieve Tube Cells and Companion Cells Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition

  7. Xylem Tissues • Tracheids and vessel elements Dixon, & Joly (1894)

  8. Root Types • Taproots • Single thick structures with smaller branching roots • Accumulate and store food • Examples: carrots and beets • Fibrous roots • Many small branching roots

  9. Taproots and Fibrous Roots www.esu.edu Asa Gray, The Elements of Botany for Beginners and for Schools

  10. Woody Stems • Cork, Phloem, Vascular Cambium, Xylem • Composed mainly of dead xylem cells • Secondary Growth (via lateral meristem) occurs in the vascular cambium • Bark is composed of Phloem cells and cork cambium

  11. Woody Stems http://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/Animals&PlantsBook/Plants/05-Angiosperms.htm

  12. Flowers and Reproduction Courtesy of www.hartford.edu

  13. Pollination http://www.cactusedintorni.com/en/How-they-live

  14. Monocots & Dicots Courtesy of www.psu.edu Cotyledon: embryonic seed leaf

  15. What is the purpose of fruits? • Protection • Dispersal Unknown original source

  16. Divisions of Plants: Nonvascular Plants • Bryophyta – The Mosses • Leaves are usually one cell thick • Rhizoids: like roots, help keep plant anchored • Hepaticophyta – The Liverworts • Stems have flat thin leaves arranged in three rows • Also have rhizoids • Antocerophyta – The Hornworts • Very similar to liverworts Courtesy of www.mossacres.com Eric Guinther Unknown source

  17. Divisions of Plants: Vascular Plants • Cycadophyta: The Cycads • One of the few seed plants that produce motile (moving) sperm • Ginkgophyta: The Ginkgo • Only one living species: Ginkgo biloba • Not found in the wild • Also produce motile sperm • Soft seed-covering produces foul smell • Tolerates smog and pollution • Gnetophyta: The Gnetophytes • Most also have separate male and female plants • Welwitschia may live 1000 years!

  18. Divisions of Plants: Vascular Plants Courtesy of www.mason.gmu.edu Courtesy of www.cycadlover.com Unknown source

  19. Divisions of Plants: Vascular Plants • Coniferophyta • Needle-like or scale-like leaves • Most reproduce using cones • Mostly evergreen • Anthophyta • Flowering plants • Form seeds enclosed in a fruit Courtesy of www.ontariowildflower.com Courtesy of www.guybiechele.com

  20. Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials • Annuals • Live only for one year or less • Biennials • Live two years • Perennials • Live for several years

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