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La Sarrasine. Survival of “Minorities” [ Saracens = Muslim enemies of Christians during the Crusades ]. Outline. Montreal Census: Racial Composition General Introduction— immigrant culture in the film Racial relationship Gender Relationship
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La Sarrasine Survival of “Minorities” [Saracens = Muslim enemies of Christians during the Crusades]
Outline • Montreal Census: Racial Composition • General Introduction—immigrant culture in the film • Racial relationship • Gender Relationship • Crossing the gender labelling/stereotypes • Conclusion
Montreal Census – 1931 (one million) • French -- 60 % • British and Irish – 26 % • “other” – 13.5% (mainly German, Italian, Jewish) • Source: “Montreal Between Strangeness, Home and Flow.” Bill Marshall. Cinema and the City. Oxford, Blackwell, 2001.
Montreal Census - 1991 • French -- 59 % • British – 5.4 % • both British and French -- 4.2 % • British or French mixed with some other origin -- 5.5 percent • Other European origins: 14.2 percent (the largest group being Italian, followed by Jewish, Greek, and Portuguese) • Asian or African ancestry -- over 6 % • Central or South American origin -- less than 1% • Blacks -- 2 to 3 %
Characters-- Giuseppe Moschella and his wife Ninetta-- Alphonse L’Amoureux -- Félicité, Théo’s widow
General Introduction—immigrant culture in the film A.Preservation of their culture 1.Historical aspect a.puppet show –Why is it important? -puppets brought from Sicily -the mention of the Italian hero Garibaldi b.language preservation Ninetta’s practicing Italian writing
General Introduction—immigrant culture in the film 2 2. Familial a.Male-dominant -Giuseppe and his brother, both play the role for any decision-making of family matters b.Male-centered -stress on their male member—symbol of manhood (jokes) c.Close-Knit community -possible negative effects to women (tenants)
General Introduction—immigrant culture in the film 3 3.Others a.food—la pignolata b.gun carrying
Racial relationship 1 A. Language gap 1. limitation of language understanding 2.confrontation b/w outsider (Italian immigrants) and insiders (French-Canadians) B.Cultural misunderstanding 1.mainstream culture vs. sub-culture a.misunderstanding of traditions - example: wedding ceremony scene
Racial relationship 2 2.Prejudice a.cultural discrimination -examples: the scene of Theo seizing the organ; 3.Stereotype a. Giuseppe was laughed at when he said “ I am not a murderer” in the court. b.Giuseppe’s role served as stereotype of Italian immigrants C. Sub-culture being defined by mainstream culture--helplessness
The Legend of Clorinda and Tancred Jerusalem Delivered (Gerusalemme liberata) Cathy Caruth: the wound of trauma repeats itself
The Legend of Clorinda and Tancred • Immigrant culture (the puppets brought from Sicily) • Male-centered society (e.g. the audience’s responses) • Who is the Saracen? Clorinda and Ninetta?
Gender Relationship A.Before the gun shot—scenes focus on male protagonists 1.Puppet show 2.Suit try-on -sexual jokes -male vs. female’s role 3.Bedroom scene (clip 1) 24:46
Gender Relationship B.Turning point—gun shot scene (clip 2 35:00) 1.“organ” 2.“I’ll show you”—the gun 3. Ninetta’s perspective—“We are ruined.”
C. After the gun shot —focus on Ninetta 1.self-awareness a.her feelings shown in written form 41:50 b.autonomy -Captain Moschella: “ I should keep the money for you.” Ninetta: “But they gave it to me.” -“Neither Satan nor God can make me leave!” -“It’s not your brother’s life, it’s my life!” (clip 3)
C. After the gun shot —focus on Ninetta • 1.examples of taking initiative • refusing to leave even at the most sentimental moment • expressing appreciation to M. Alfonse, showing her regard to Theo • Escaping from the brother • 2.Open mind, open field (clip:from Antonietta’s peeing on the snow, till the end)
IV.Crossing the gender labelling/stereotypes • Examples— • Alphonse and Carmelo • Felicite and Ninetta
Director: Paul Tana • --born in Italy in 1947; came to Quebec in 1958 • Tana not only subscribed to the aesthetic of daily life so characteristic of Quebec cinema, he also made it his own by using immigrant characters. • The film, set in 1904, is based on a real story.
[Tana's words] • We have placed Ninetta Morchella, our Saracen, in the blinding white snow of this land; she seems but a black stain--on herself, on us.