Monarchs of Europe

1. Monarchs of Europe

2. Background • As the Church Lost Power, the government gained more. • That power shifted to the Monarchs • Divine Right of Kings: Belief that God Chooses Kings to rule. • “Princes, thus, act as minister of God, and as His lieutenants on earth, it is through them that he acts on His Empire.”

3. France The Monarchs

4. Henry IV • Originally a Huguenot, but converted to Catholicism for his Country. • “Paris is worth a mass!” • Edict of Nantes – A Order that guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights. • Improved the taxation systems so that nobles paid more.

5. Louis VIII • Son of Henry IV, who was murdered in 1610. • 8 years old at the time, so his mother ruled in his place. • Took over in 1617, exiled mother, killed followers • but was sickly and appointed Cardinal Richelieu to rule in his place.

6. LOUIS XIV • Longest reign in French History 72 Years • Strong believer in the Absolute power of the King • Drained the Treasury by building Versailles. • Government lived there, as well as the nobles. • Nicknamed the Sun King because his power reached far and wide like the rays of the sun. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9mIjAq4Fmk

7. Wars of KING LOUIS XIV • King Louis The XIV believed military power was important. • He increased the size of the military to about 400,000 – The most powerful in Europe. • Fought 4 wars to expand territory to the Natural Borders. ( Atlantic Ocean, the mountains, and the sea) • Struggle for a balance of power. • Led to financial strain.

8. Jean-Baptiste Colbert • Appointed by Louis the XIV to be a financial advisor. • He reformed the tax system so the middle class was not paying the majority of the taxes • Made France a leading economic power • Increased the military • Promoted Colonization in American, Canada, and Africa. • Did away with the Edict of Nantes, which led to 200,000 Huguenots fleeing.

9. MONARCHS OF RUSSIA

10. IVAN THE Terrible • First to be named Czar of Russia • Absolute Power • Ruthless Leader • Built St. Basils Cathedral • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56f6V7L9B18&feature=related – part 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO3_q_kQnCE – Part 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anx4Lbdt4ic&feature=related –part 3 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djAHK_JGd_I&feature=related –Part 4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=LSSG_L8ujb0 –Part 5

11. St. Basils Cathedral

12. Peter The Great • Also could be a ruthless leader • Visionary for the future of Russia • Wanted to step away from isolation, and make Russia more like the rest of Europe. • Dressed up as a private citizen to in an attempt to gain European Allies • Biggest goal was to get a warm water port for Russia from the Ottomans

13. Russia under Peter the Great

14. Peter The Great • Failed to gain a warm water port, but through his travels learn a lot about western cultures. • Westernized Russia • Built St. Petersburg and made it the Capital of Russia, became the symbol of a Westernized Russia • Incorporated French Clothing, more rights for women, forced nobles to shave their beards, and even French language. • Modernized the army, Balance of Power

15. Peter The Great • Absolute control, including with the Orthodox Church • Reformed the Government • Service nobility, Noble rank depended on performance in government. • Nobles that were high ranking were given more serfs, thus, increasing serfdom. • Strong Resentment from the citizens.

16. Catherine the Great • Married to Peter III, Peter the Great grandson. • Had the nobles kill her husband so she could be the sole ruler of Russia.

17. Catherine The Great • Supported the Arts, Sciences, Literature and theater. • But these meant nothing to most Russians because they lived in extreme poverty. • Wide gap between rich and poor • Greatness comes from foreign policy • Gained a warm water port with the black sea and the region of Crimea • Overall gained over 200,000 square miles for Russia, including colonizing Alaska

18. Monarchs of England

19. The house of tudor • Beginning in the 1400s, the Tudors became the English Royal Family • Increased the power of England, Balance of Power • Henry VII, the first Tudor Ruler. He stabilized England and made it prosperous. • Henry VIII • Edwards VI, sickly. Only ruled six years.

20. Queen Mary I • The oldest daughter of Queen Henry VIII, • First Reigning Queen of England • Devoted Catholic • Determined to bring England back to Catholicism • Married Phillip II of Spain who helped lead the Counter Reformation in Spain • Nicknamed Bloody Mary

21. MOVIE! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjc7oxrEBwI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=2Zh-151kyfw&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=C7yc1eTHJb8

22. Elizabeth I • Becomes queen after Mary dies. • Born Protestant, strengthens Protestantism. • Never Married, Called the Virgin Queen • Closet Relative: Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic. • Killed Mary Queen of Scots for plotting to overthrow

23. Elizabeth I • Defeated the Spanish Armada, a fleet of 130 ships called the invincible Armada. • Spain was no longer a threat, and Elizabeth secured her protestant rule. • Believed that religious disunity was harmful to England, so she punished those who did not follow Anglican Faith • Puritans, Catholics, and other non-Anglican followers had to pay fines. (still better than others) • Freedom of Speech in Parliment

24. James I • Queen Elizabeth Dies, doesn’t have a blood heir • King James of Scotland became King of England • Stuart family, end of the Tudors • Smart, but lacked common sense. • “Wisest fool in Christendom.”

25. James I • Strong Supporter of the Anglican Church • Conflict of the Puritans who wanted reform in the Church • Conceded with w new translation of the bible. The King James Bible. • At odd with the Parliament, because there were a lot of puritans. • Could never raise enough taxes to pay for his programs • To try an raise money he sold titles of nobility, granting monopolies, and raising customs and duties. • Not liked, Tension against Stuarts explodes under the rule of his son, Charles I.