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What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine.

What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. ○ What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. × That you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. What = The thing which. What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. あなたが見たものは閉じた容器に入った臭素である。

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What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine.

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  1. What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. ○What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. ×That you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. What = The thing which

  2. What you're looking at is a closed container of bromine. あなたが見たものは閉じた容器に入った臭素である。 あなたが見ているものは臭素の閉鎖容器である。 あなたが見ているものは臭素の閉鎖容器である。

  3. See the bromine liquid here, red, dark-brown liquid, and the bromine gas filling the rest of the vessel, a red-brown gas. See the bromine liquid (here, red, dark-brown liquid) See the bromine gas (filling the rest of the vessel, a red-brown gas). container = vessel gaseous bromine liquid bromine vessel container

  4. See the bromine liquid here, red, dark-brown liquid, and the bromine gas filling the rest of the vessel, a red-brown gas. ここの濃い赤褐色の臭素の液体と、容器の残りを満たしている赤褐色の臭素ガスを見てください。 この液体臭素を見なさい、赤く、暗褐色の液体だ、そして瓶の残りを満たす臭素ガスを見なさい、赤褐色のガスだ。 ここで液体臭素を見てみよう。液体臭素は赤褐色の液体で、容器の残りの部分を満たしている臭素ガスは赤褐色の気体だ。

  5. I'm going to make use of this liquid nitrogen again. make effective use of :活用する make good use of:利用する make bad use of:悪用する

  6. I'm going to make use of this liquid nitrogen again. 再び窒素溶液を利用するだろう。 再びこの液体窒素を使用してみようと思います。

  7. Remember, it's very cold, -196 ºC.

  8. Remember, it's very cold, -196 ºC. 窒素溶液が-196℃でとても低いことを思い出そう。 -196度と、とても低温であることを思い出してください。

  9. To lower this vessel so that the finger in the vat gets into the liquid nitrogen. gaseous bromine liquid bromine finger of the vessel liquid nitrogen vat

  10. To lower this vessel so that the finger in the vat gets into the liquid nitrogen. 大おけ中の指が窒素溶液中にあるので容器を低くするために。 液体窒素にバットの中の指状のものを入れるために、この容器を下げてみましょう。

  11. Now, what will happen at that temperature is that bromine should change state, so the gas should go into the liquid, and the liquid should go into the solid. what will happen at that temperature is that ~ that ~ will happen at that temperature bromine should change state the gas should go into the liquid the liquid should go into the solid.

  12. Now, what will happen at that temperature is that bromine should change state, so the gas should go into the liquid, and the liquid should go into the solid. 今、臭素が状態変化する温度で何が起こるか。このようにその気体は液体になり、その液体は固体になる。 その温度で起こることは臭素の状態変化であり、そのため気体は液体に変わり、液体は固体に変わる。

  13. So we see all three phases, all three states of matter in action. we see all three phases of matter in action we see all three states of matter in action solid/liquid/gas phase: 相 state: 状態

  14. So we see all three phases, all three states of matter in action.

  15. All right, let's wait a little bit and see what happens now while that flask cools down. let's wait a little bit let‘s see what happens while ~ that flask cools down.

  16. All right, let's wait a little bit and see what happens now while that flask cools down. じゃあ、あのフラスコが冷める間、少し待って、それから何が起こるか見てみましょう。 よし、それでは少し待ってそのフラスコが冷える間に何が起きるか見てみよう。 分かった、フラスコが冷めている今の間ちょっと待って何が起こるか見てみましょう。

  17. At this stage now we can see all three states of matter. (At this stage now) we can see all three states (of matter).

  18. At this stage now we can see all three states of matter. そしてこの段階で、物質の3つのすべての状態を見ることができる。 この今の段階では私たちは物質の三態すべてを見ることができる。 今この段階で私たちは物質のすべての3つの状態を見ることができる

  19. This is the bromine gas, the top part up here.The dark material now is the bromine liquid, and at the very bottom is the yellow solid of bromine. gaseous bromine liquid bromine finger of the vessel liquid nitrogen solid bromine vat

  20. This is the bromine gas, the top part up here.The dark material now is the bromine liquid, and at the very bottom is the yellow solid of bromine. この一番上の部分が臭素ガスです。暗い物質が液体臭素で、一番下の黄色の固体が臭素です。

  21. All three states of matter.

  22. All three states of matter. 物質の三態のすべてがあります。

  23. We know that as we go from the gas and decrease the temperature, we go to a liquid; we decrease the temperature further, we go to the solid. We know that ~ as we go from the gas we go to a liquid. as we decrease the temperature as we go from the liquid we go to the solid. as we decrease the temperature further

  24. We know that as we go from the gas and decrease the temperature, we go to a liquid; we decrease the temperature further, we go to the solid. 始めは気体であるが、温度を下げていくと液体になる。さらに温度を下げていくと固体になるという事が知られている。

  25. On the submicroscopic level, the bromine particles in the gaseous state are moving quickly and chaotically. (On the submicroscopic level,) the bromine particles (in the gaseous state) are moving quickly and chaotically.

  26. On the submicroscopic level, the bromine particles in the gaseous state are moving quickly and chaotically. 極微小物体標準で、気体状態の臭素分子はすばやく、無秩序に動いている。 超顕微鏡的にみると、ガス状態における臭素粒子は素早く無秩序に動いている 超微小物体のレベルでは、気体状態中の臭素粒子は、すばやくそして無秩序に動き回っている。

  27. As the temperature decreases, the particles slow down until the attractive forces between them overcome the randomizing forces of kinetic energy. the temperature decreases the particles slow down the attractive forces (between them) overcome the randomizing forces (of kinetic energy). attractive force vs. randomizing force

  28. As the temperature decreases, the particles slow down until the attractive forces between them overcome the randomizing forces of kinetic energy. 気温が上がるにつれて、分子間力が運動エネルギーの自然な力に打ち勝つまで分子は減速する。 温度がさがるにつれて、粒子は粒子間の引きつける力が運動エネルギーの無作為化する力に打ち勝つまで速度が下がっていく。 温度が下がるにつれて、その分子は分子間の引きつけあう力が運動エネルギーの無作為化する力を超えるまでゆっくりと下に下がる。

  29. When these two forces reach a balance, the particles begin to stick together in clumps. these two forces reach a balance two forces: attractive force randomizing force the particles begin to stick together in clumps. begin もあとに to-不定詞、動名詞いずれをとることもでき、それほど意味が変わらない数少ない動詞の一つ。 → 正しい語を選べ: begins (sticking, to stick) という問題は、少なくとも日本人相手には作られない。

  30. When these two forces reach a balance, the particles begin to stick together in clumps. これら2つの力が平衡に到達すると、分子は固まりの中で共にくっつき始める。 それら二つの力が平衡に達したとき、微粒子はかたまりにくっつき始める。 これらの力が平衡に達すると、臭素粒子は凝集しお互いを固定しはじめる。

  31. When the clumps become large enough, gravity pulls them down to the bottom of the container. the clumps become large enough gravity pulls down them (to the bottom) (of the container). gravity electro-magnetic force strong interaction weak interaction

  32. When the clumps become large enough, gravity pulls them down to the bottom of the container. 塊が十分大きくなると、重力によりそれらは容器の底に落ちる。 固まりが大きくなると、重力はそれらを容器のそこへ引き下ろす。

  33. Now, the particles are in relatively close contact. the bromine particles are in relatively close contact. relatively: (gas の状態と比べると) 比較的 in close contact: 密接に接触する

  34. Now, the particles are in relatively close contact. 今、粒子がかなり近く接触している。 さて臭素分子同志は比較的接触するのと同じくらい近づいている。

  35. Attractive forces are holding them together, but they are still moving. Attractive forces (between the bromine molecules) are holding the bromine molecules together the bromine molecules are still moving.

  36. Attractive forces are holding them together, but they are still moving. 引き付けあう引力はそれらの粒子を一緒に保持している、しかし粒子はまだ動いている。 引き付ける力は臭素分子を一緒にまとめているが臭素分子はまだ運動をしている。

  37. As the liquid becomes colder, the particles lose even more kinetic energy. the (bromine) liquid becomes colder the (bromine) particles lose even more kinetic energy.

  38. As the liquid becomes colder, the particles lose even more kinetic energy. 液体が冷えた時、粒子の運動エネルギーも低くなり、 液体がより冷えるにつれて、分子はいっそう運動エネルギーを失う。 液体が冷たくなるにつれて、粒子はより多くの運動エネルギーを失う。

  39. This results in another change of state. result: 自動詞。result in ~

  40. This results in another change of state. その結果状態が変化する。 この事は、他の状態に変化することを示す。 これは状態の変化を他のものに帰着する。

  41. The liquid becomes a solid. The (bromine) liquid becomes a (bromine) solid. bromine liquid はすでに出てきたので the bromine solid は初めて出てくるので a

  42. The liquid becomes a solid. 液体は固体になる。 液体は固体になる。 この液体は固体になる。

  43. Now, the attractive forces hold the particles in a regular and ordered form that extends in three dimensions. the attractive forces (between the molecules) hold the particles in a regular form an ordered form particle = bromine molecule the form extends in three dimensions.

  44. Now, the attractive forces hold the particles in a regular and ordered form that extends in three dimensions. いまや、ひきつける力は粒子を正常に保ち、そして三つの相に広がるようにした。 この状態では、引力により分子は三次元にわたって規則的で整った形に保たれる。

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