Warm Up:4.15.14 take out your folder and worksheet and take a reconstruction handout from the front!

1. Warm Up:4.15.14take out your folder and worksheet and take a reconstruction handout from the front! What is the Era of Reconstruction? Define it in your own words.

2. Key Questions of the Era Reconstruction (1865-1876) 1. How do webring the Southback into the Union? 4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe process ofReconstruction? 2. How do we rebuild the South after itsdestruction during the war? 3. How do weintegrate andprotect newly-emancipatedblack freedmen?

3. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation • If you were an emancipated slave at the end of the Civil War, what would your projected hopes for your new life be??? • Do you think African Americans gained the full rights and freedom they hoped for immediately after the Civil War ended? • Why or Why not?

4. Part I: Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln & Johnson's Plan for Rebuilding

5. Post Civil War America The Victorious North 800,000 returning Union soldiers needed work. The North lost more soldiers in the war yet few battles took place in the North. Northern cities were hardly touched! Economic troubles did not last long after the war = Industrial Boom began!! A new class of 4 million people was created overnight = The Freedmen The Defeated South Total War had destroyed entire towns and cities. (ex. Richmond, Columbia, and Atlanta had been burned to the ground) 2/3rds of the railroads had been ripped up. Confederate $$ was worthless On page 1, answer the question: “Why were postwar problems more severe in the South than the North?

6. President Lincoln’s Plan • Based on this excerpt, what do you think Lincoln’s plan for rebuilding the south will be? How will he treat the Confederates once the war is over? • 10% Plan: Once 10% of the Southern voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a new government, it would be recognized. Amnesty would be given. • States had to ratify the 13th amendment • A pardon would be given to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers.

7. 13th Amendment • Ratified in December, 1865. • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. On page 1, fill in the Amendments chart: Write a 10 word summary of that Amendment

8. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Federal Agency established to: • Provided jobs & homes • Gave out clothes & food • Built Schools • Medical & Legal care Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes • Many former northern abolitionists called “carpetbaggers”risked their lives to help southern freedmen. • “Scalawags” were white southern supporters of the Freedman’s Bureau. On page 1, complete the notes for The Freedman’s Bureau Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

9. President Johnson’s Plan Johnson’s plan was based off of Lincoln’s 10% plan, but was seen as too lenient on the South by Congress!! • Many Southern state constitutions only met minimum federal requirements (pledge loyalty & abide by 13th amendment) yet were approved by Johnson. • Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons to ex-Confederates. • Revival of southern defiance and rebellion with passing of the Black Codes. 1. Did not allow free blacks to vote! 2. Ex-Confederates were brought back to political power to control state governments and organizations. EFFECTS? 3. Republicans became outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South! On page 1, fill in the chart for Johnson’s Plan. Include a summary of plans and the effect it had on the country.

10. Black Codes • As many Southern states ratified the 13th amendment, they also passed the • ”Black Codes.” • Purpose: • Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. • Restore pre-Civil Warsystem of race relations Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers[tenant farmers]. On page 1, fill in the Black Codes chart & explain the purpose of the Black Codes.

11. Sharecropping On page 2,Draw a picture illustrating the point of view of a “sharecropper”. Include captions explaining how the system of sharecropping in the South kept African Americans in poverty.

12. Congress Breaks with the President • 1866  Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau Bill & the 1866 Civil Rights Act. • Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes  1st in U. S. history!!

13. Odd One Out 1. Allowed Southern ex-Confederates to regain power 4. Vetoed major bills proposed by Republicans to grant rights to African Americans 2. Supported emancipation and the laws that supported the freed men and women of the South 3. Plan for Reconstruction was very lenient and did not force many changes upon southern states Which box is the odd one out? What do the remaining 3 boxes have in common?

14. Andrew Johnson Sensory Figure: On page 2, complete the Agree or Disagree Activity & be ready to share!! “Overall, Johnson’s plan was effective at reconstructing the South”

15. Warm Up: 4.16.16 • Complete the Sharecropper picture and Andrew Johnson Sensory figure on page 2 of your notes 

16. Part II: Radical Reconstruction Republican Congress takes over!!

17. Collision on the Grand Trunk Columbia Railroad Congress and President Johnson had a/an ____________ relationship. I know this because……… On page 3, complete the graphic organizer. List actions of each group that contributed to the type of relationship you stated.

18. Congress Breaks with the President • 1866  Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau Bill & the 1866 Civil Rights Act. • Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes  1st in U. S. history!! • In response to Johnsons vetoes, the Republicans proposed the 14th Amendment = Granted citizenship to all citizens born in the U.S.A On page 1, fill in the Amendments chart: Write a 10 word summary of that Amendment

19. Battle over the 14thAmendment • Radical Republicans • 14th Amendment: Ratified in July, 1868. • Provide a constitutional guarantee of citizenshiprights and security of freed people born in the U.S. • Ensured that Southern states would be punished for denying blacks citizenship! • Used military force to control the South. • President Johnson • Openly opposed the 14th Amendment and the idea of blacks being equal citizens. • He encouraged states to reject the amendment • Refused to execute the law!! • Johnson attempted to prevent Republicans from taking any action by firing Republicans military leaders and those on his cabinet. Check your understanding- Page 3 Circle the correct answer related to the 14th Amendment

20. President Johnson’s Impeachment • The House impeached (accused & brought to trial) Johnson by a vote of 126 – 47! • Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote) and remained in office • Congress did forcibly take over Reconstruction!!! Reflect back on what you know…… On page 3, answer the question: Why did Congress impeach Johnson? What was the outcome of the trial?

21. Radical Plan for Reconstruction • Military supervision of states. The South was broken up into military districts. • Required new state constitutions, including black suffrage and ratification of the 13th and 14th Amendments. • Congress authorized the military to enroll eligible black voters and begin the process of making new state constitutions. “The First Vote” Looking at “The First Vote” what types of men are being depicted? On page 3, complete the Radical Reconstruction Plan Points: Summarize the main points of Congress’ plan for Reconstruction

22. Blacks in Southern Politics • The 15th Amendment: Ratified in 1870. • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude • The 15thAmendment guaranteedfederal voting to African American men over 21. On page 1, fill in the Amendments chart: Write a 10 word summary of that Amendment

23. Black Senate & House Delegates Hiram Rhodes Revels: First African American Elected into the Senate during Radical Reconstruction On page 3, provide a description of Hiram Rhodes Revels.

24. Women & the 15thAmendment Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony are reading about the ratifying of the 15th Amendment. Why do you think they were so upset? Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote yet blacks were! On page 3, provide captions for the image above.

25. Part III: The Abandonment of Reconstruction: “ The New South”

26. Civil War Amendments Review Challenge #______ #______ #______ Amendment 14 Amendment 13 Amendment 15 Challenge #2: Label image with the correct amendment Challenge #1: Number the images, outlining the sequence that African Americans were given rights in America during Reconstruction. Challenge #3: Check your summary of each amendment on page #1 for accuracy!!!

27. President Ulysses S. Grant • Which statement correctly describes the role of Ulysses S. Grant during the Civil War? • He wrote the words to the “Battle Hymn of the Republic” to rally Union troops. • B. He led his troops through Georgia on a “March to the Sea,” destroying farms, towns and railroad lines as they went. • C. He defeated Confederate forces at Vicksburg and became Commander of Union forces. • D. He developed the Anaconda Plan and ran against Abraham Lincoln in the Presidential election of 1864. “How would running the country like the military be ineffective?” “Why might having a weak president have affected Reconstruction?” Grant was elected the 18th President of the U.S. Although he was a great military general, his time in office was plagued by corruption and poor leadership.

28. Conservatives Resist Reconstruction: The KKK • Founded by ex-Confederate Soldiers, the Ku Klux Klan was a secret organization that opposed granting civil rights to African Americans. • Murdering • Lynching • Arson & Vandalism of Property On page 4, explain the main goal of the KKK. Why do you think many African Americans viewed the period of Reconsturction as being “Worse than Slavery”?

29. 1876 Presidential Election: Northern Support Declines To gain support in the election, President Rutherford Hayes ordered that northern troops withdraw from the South. Now state governments fell back into the hands of ex-Confederates. • Other Reasons for the Decline: • Corruption of Grant’s Presidency • Economic troubles in the North • Concern over westward expansion and Indian wars. • Southern Resistance: • Ku Klux Klan & violence • Solid South= Democratic Party took over On page 4, complete the fill in the blank, and Check for Understanding question.

30. Restricted Rights: Jim Crow Laws • Jim Crow Laws & Segregation: • The purpose of these laws was to keep blacks in an inferior position in the South. • Segregation became law = Legal Separation of the races in public places, schools, cemeteries, etc. • Plessy vs. Ferguson- Supreme Court case that ruled that “separate but equal” was legal in America • Voting Restrictions: • Poll Taxes: Pay to vote • Literacy Test: Must be able to read to vote • Grandfather Clause: If your grandfather could vote in 1867, then you could vote. On page 4, Write a once sentence summary for the following concepts on the diagram relating to the Jim Crow Laws.

31. The “New South” Cotton was still “King” Southern Cities Boom: People moved slowly moved off of farms to major southern cities. Cash Crops remained to be the main source of $$$. New crops were introduced to expand economy. Atlanta 1890 New Industries moved South • Brainstorm how the South was before Civil War: • Politically • Socially • Economically Complete Venn Diagram on page 5!! Oil & Coal Refineries Railroad Companies Textile Mills

32. Reconstruction in the West: “The Last Frontier” Three Federal Laws passed to settle the West: • Dawes Act • After many Indian Wars the federal government created a plan to settle disputes. • Removed Natives to “reservations” in the west. • Each Indian family given 160 acres and encouraged to assimilate to American life = Lost 2/3rds of land! • Caused a decline of Native American population and culture. • Homestead Act • Made cheap land available to settlers • Gave 160 acres of land to settlers willing to build a home and farm for 5 years. • New railroads made settling West easier. • Morrill Act • State given federal land to build public colleges • Agricultural & mechanical colleges provided many Westerners with education and opportunities On page 5: in each box provided illustrate or bullet the main effects of the legislative acts.

33. EXIT TICKET • On your exit ticket, choose on of the following to complete: • 3-2-1: List the 3Civil War Amendments, Describe each amendment in 2 words, Name 1group of people who were affected by these Amendments. • OR • Finish the Sentences: • 1. The 13th Amendment emancipated slaves, so then….. • 2. The 14th Amendments granted blacks citizenship, which means….. • 3. The 15th Amendment allowed blacks to vote and as a result…..