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Starting from Delphic Oracle Apollo and Artemis

Starting from Delphic Oracle Apollo and Artemis. Wu Shiyu. 课外作业. 神话故事： Echo 和 Narcissus. Echo 是 nymph ，喜欢说话 偷情， Hera, 只能重复他人的话的最后几个字 爱上 Narcissus ，遭拒 Narcissus 不爱任何人 “愿他只爱自己，永远享受不到他所爱的东西”（ P61 ） 水边的，再见。. 皮刺摩斯和提斯柏. 邻居 墙，裂缝 桑树底下约会 提斯柏，雄狮、牛，衣服 外套，宝剑，自杀 提斯柏也自杀，桑树浆果变红.

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Starting from Delphic Oracle Apollo and Artemis

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  1. Starting from Delphic OracleApollo and Artemis Wu Shiyu

  2. 课外作业

  3. 神话故事：Echo和Narcissus Echo是nymph，喜欢说话 偷情，Hera,只能重复他人的话的最后几个字 爱上Narcissus，遭拒 Narcissus不爱任何人 “愿他只爱自己，永远享受不到他所爱的东西”（P61） 水边的，再见。

  4. 皮刺摩斯和提斯柏 邻居 墙，裂缝 桑树底下约会 提斯柏，雄狮、牛，衣服 外套，宝剑，自杀 提斯柏也自杀，桑树浆果变红

  5. Apollo and Artemis

  6. Olympians: Apollo and Artemis • Twin sisters • Zeus the father • Leto the mother • sun and moon • More complex

  7. God Apollo God of: • Sun • Youth • Medicine • Healing

  8. God Apollo God of: • Arts: music, poetry • Preside the nine Muses • Creative ability • Representing Culture

  9. Olympians: Apollo Still god of • Sudden death for men • Plague • Wearing a quiver • Carrying a bow

  10. Apollo: God of Prophecy The most important aspect: • God of prophecy • Delphic oracle (Delphi) • Sacred to Apollo • Apollo’s role as a god of who provides prophecy for humans is central to our understanding of him

  11. Delphic Oracle (特尔斐神谕) • Consult the oracle • People travel to Delphi • Ask the prietess there • Questions –Pythia-- answers • Questions big or small, public or privacy • “If you cross the river Halys, you will destroy a great empire.” • The story of Croesus • Video

  12. Apollo: God of reason and moderation • Association with reason and with moderation. Carved on the temple: “Know thyself” “Nothing in Excess” Crucial to understanding of Greek culture

  13. Immortal and mortal • God and man • Immortal and mortal • limitations • Unstable • Uncertain • Do not transgress

  14. The Story of Niobe

  15. The Story of Niobe • Niobe: queen of Thebes, mother of 14 children • Greater than Leto (goddess) • worshiped instead of Leto • Apollo and Artemis shoot • Cliff, water running down • Eternal tears

  16. Lessons to learn • Sins visited upon children • Human good fortune unstable • Changeable, unstable, disappear in the blink of an eye • Follow reason, nothing in excess, know yourself • Two maxims connected. • Excess---- not know yourself • Address by Jobs

  17. The Story of Croesus • Croesus, the king of Lydia (560-546 B.C.) • Lydia, Egypt, Babylon, Media • Rich, gold, silver, coinage, happiest man in the world; • Five generation ago, Candaules, Gyges • Gyges took power

  18. Croesus and Solon • Solon, Athenian, the law giver, Seven Sages • “Who is the happiest man in the world?” • Tellus • “Who is the second happiest man?” • Cleobis and Biton • A lucky person, look to the end

  19. Croesus and Solon • Solon, Athenian, the law giver, Seven Sages • “Who is the happiest man in the world?” • Tellus • “Who is the second happiest man?” • Cleobis and Biton • A lucky person, look to the end

  20. Solon’s Happiness • “Human life is so unpredictable, we are so at the mercy of fate, that until we are safely dead, no one can say whether we are happy or fortunate as we do not know what calamities might befall us from one day to the next. No one can truly be called happy until they are dead.” • No one is happy until the end is known.

  21. This was not at all what Croesus wanted to hear; • He dismissed Solon as a fool and put his words from his mind.

  22. Croesus’ Downfall • Dream, god’s message, son, iron weapon, killed • A savage boar, hurls the spear, killed the boy • Consult the oracle, “You will ruin the day your son speaks?” “If you march against the Persia Empire, a great kingdom will be destroyed.” “Until a mule sits upon the throne of Persia” • Sardis, Cyrus came suddenly • Burn alive, “Solon, Solon, Solon!”

  23. Immortal and Mortal • "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." • No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don‘t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life…” -----Steve Jobs

  24. Immortal and Mortal • Eos, the dawn goddess • Affair with the human Tithonos • Enjoyed him so much • Make him immortal • Failed ageless • Continue to age • Nothing left but a voice • Complaining voice • A back chamber

  25. Immortal and Mortal • Attempt to gain immortality • Result in total disaster • Sybil, a female lover of Apollo • Asked for as many years of life as there were grains of sand on the shore of sea • This was granted • But eternal youth was left out • Grows older and older • Withered away into a little thing sits in cage

  26. 几个问题 • 1.古希腊神话里对“人”的思考，比如本课所讲的人与神的区别，还有斯芬克斯之谜里的问题； • 2.古希腊文明所体现的理性，自省与其悲剧意识和这一文明的创造性的思考。

  27. Homework: Hubris or hybris • Humans must avoid hubris • A word come into English from Greek. • What is hubris? Implications for our life. • Refer to presentations

  28. Artemis: her twins’ opposite • God of moon • Huntress • Wild beasts • Protector of young species • Sudden death

  29. Mistress of wild beasts • Protector of young babies including of humans • Protector of childbirth

  30. Protector of childbirth • Forever virgins: Artemis, Athena and Hestia • Is it contradictory? • Identify women with nature, men with culture.

  31. In Greek culture • Women were submissive • Male dominant • Rejecting domination by a male because of her essential wildness • Her rejection of sexuality illustrates the danger of crossing a god or transgressing the boundaries between humans and gods. • The story of Actaeon

  32. The story of Actaeon

  33. The story of Actaeon

  34. The story of Actaeon

  35. The story of Actaeon • A great hunter (Thebes) • Hunting with his friends • Wandering through woods • Surrounded a lake • Artemis, nymphs bathing • Unintentionally, by mistake • Stag, animal body, human mind • Own hounds tear to shreds • Most dreadful story

  36. The relation between intention and action • Involuntary slaughter • First-degree murder • In Greek myth, intention is less important that actions

  37. Summary • Apollo and Artemis • Polar opposite of one another • Representing culture and moderation • Representing nature and wildness

  38. 宙斯和勒托的孩子 阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis Diana）：Acteon的故事，鹿，猎狗，Niobes的故事） Appollo（阿波罗）

  39. The Kingdom of Lydia

  40. Tellus: a brave man, sufficient money, raised up his family, all grown up, died from fighting for his country, killed in a battle, got a public funeral

  41. Cleobis and Biton: young men of Argos, priestess of Hera, yoke themselves up to the wagon, lucky, greatest gift, fell asleep, did not wake up.

  42. died at the height of their pride and fame before life could pull them down • a nice family, a good public reputation, died with that reputation. • No one is happy until the end is known.

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