Standard 1

1. Standard 1 Settlement of North America by Europeans

2. Welcome to Virginia

3. The First English Settlement • Jamestown - 1607 • 105 Men and boys • Voyage financed by private investors • Virginia Company of London • Later became a Joint-Stock Company • People invested money in a the company in return for a share (ownership and profit)

4. Tough times for Jamestown • After the first 8 months only 38 remained alive • 1609-1610 “The Starving Time” • Colony led by Captain John Smith after the first Governor went back to England to gain support

5. Jamestown’s New Allies • Captain Smith built an alliance with Chief Powhatan • Assisted colonists by providing needed supplies • Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas, married John Rolfe, an English tobacco grower, in 1614; this marriage built more good will between the colonists and the Native Americans

6. Tobacco saves the colony • Spanish tobacco—the “good stuff” • Rolfe experiments with seeds from Trinidad and various curing methods • The new, milder Virginia tobacco becomes accepted in England and Virginia’s “cash crop” saves the economy of the colony

7. A New government for the colony of Virginia • Virginia was created as an economic venture • New settlers had to govern themselves-far removed from England • 1619 the Virginia Company of London allowed the residents from the settlements to elect burgesses; the House of Burgesses became the first representative government in America—July 30, 1619

8. A New workforce for the Virginia colony • Dutch traders first brought 20 Africans to Jamestown in 1619—selling them as indentured servants • By the 1630’s some African’s were enslaved while others were indentured—what’s the difference? • Between 1640 to 1700 Virginia passed laws to “control” the African population living in the colony. • By 1700 half the workforce in Virginia were indentured servants or enslaved Africans

9. A New Virginia Government and new problems • The headright system encouraged a new wave of English immigration • The headright system caused a western migration of new settlers which caused conflict with Native Americans • 1622 Native Americans attack Jamestown • 1624 James I of England took away (rescinded) the colony’s charter; this made Virginia the first Royal Colony

10. Government and Social Class • 1639 Governor of Virginia re-establishes the House of Burgesses • In 1670’s Govenor Berkeley exempted his councilors in the House of Burgesses from taxation and then restricted the right to vote to those who owned property

11. Opposition to expansion in Native American lands • Backcountry farmers wanted land • Newly released indentured servants wanted land • Available land was already claimed by the Native Americans • Wealthy landowners in the tidewater restricted westward movement of settlers wanting land—fearing war with the Native Americans

12. Nathaniel Bacon • Wealthy landowner; he had his new land holding attacked by Native Americans • Raised a militia and attacked the Native Americans • This attack was heavily criticized by Governor Berkeley

13. Bacon’s Rebellion • Governor Berkeley could not control Bacon • Called a new election to control the situation • New House of Burgesses supported Bacon, restored the vote to all free men, and removed the tax exemption

14. Bacon’s Rebellion (continued) • Not satisfied with the reforms Bacon and some armed men attacked Jamestown and drove out Governor Berkeley—charging him with corruption • Effect of Bacon’s Rebellion—more enslaved Africans less need for indentured servants therefore less need for land sought by them after serving their indenture

15. Practice Questions • What was the House of Burgesses • A the home of Puritan leaders • B home of the governor of Virginia • C the Parliament in Virginia • D the first representative governing body

16. Practice Questions • What was the House of Burgesses • A the home of Puritan leaders • B home of the governor of Virginia • C the Parliament in Virginia • D the first representative governing body

17. Practice Questions • John Rolfe, who married Pocahontas, made this contribution to the Virginia colony? • A bought the first enslaved Africans • B developed first friendship with Powhatan • C developed mild form of tobacco • D established the House of Burgesses

18. Practice Questions • John Rolfe, who married Pocahontas, made this contribution to the Virginia colony? • A bought the first enslaved Africans • B developed first friendship with Powhatan • C developed mild form of tobacco • D established the House of Burgesses

19. Practice Questions • Which of the following was a primary cause of Bacon’s Rebellion? • A lack of enslaved Africans to work • B lack of land in the tidewater • C tax exemption for Governor’s councilors • D Governor ordered an attack on Native Americans

20. Practice Questions • Which of the following was a primary cause of Bacon’s Rebellion? • A lack of enslaved Africans to work • B lack of land in the tidewater • C tax exemption for Governor’s councilors • D Governor ordered an attack on Native Americans

21. Pilgrims here!

22. New England • After the settlement of Jamestown and Virginia, the next English settlements were in NEW ENGLAND • 1620: 102 colonists, including around 50 Pilgrims, set sail for Virginia; blown off course and wound up near Plymouth

23. Reasons for Migration • Some wanted to make money • Most emigrating to New England wanted a place to practice their religion without persecution

24. Mayflower Compact • 1620 • FRAMEWORK for self-government • Think like Jamestown/Virginia: far away from England • Established elected legislature and said that power belonged to the people

25. Puritan Massachusetts • Massachusetts Bay Colony Established 1629 • About 1000 Puritans under John Winthrop sailed to New England in order to establish a “City on a Hill” • Carried a charter allowing for self-government and established the General Court

26. Losing the Charter • Following the passage and Massachusetts’ violation of the Navigation Acts, MA lost its charter in 1684

27. Religious Tensions • Not everyone agreed with the Puritans in New England • Roger Williams and Rhode Island • Anne Hutchinson • Half-Way Covenant • (1662) Children of Puritan church members could be admitted as “half-way” members, allowing them to be baptized into the church, but denying them the right to vote or take communion. • This was established because Puritans had little tolerance for anything non-Puritan. With pressure to change, they agreed to the Half-Way Covenant.

28. Religious Intolerance • Free to be any religion you wanted—as long as it was Puritan • Persecuted members of other religions • Voting rights often dependent on church membership

29. Salem Witch Trials • 1692 • 19 people hanged, 1 pressed to death on witchcraft charges • Those accused tended to be prosperous; accusers less so • Signified the religious and social tensions abounding in New England

30. Relations with Native Americans • At first, relatively peaceful relations (“Thanksgiving”) • Eventually soured when English no longer dependent and wanted more land • Pequot War (1637) • King Philip’s War (1675-6)

31. Economics • Primary means of making money: shipping, fishing and trade • Most farming is subsistence

32. Practice Questions • Which of the following groups founded Massachusetts? • A Anglicans • B Pilgrims • C Puritans • D Quakers

33. Practice Questions • Which of the following groups founded Massachusetts? • A Anglicans • B Pilgrims • C Puritans • D Quakers

34. Practice Questions • Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson had which of the following in common? • A they left New England and spread Puritanism to the Middle and Southern Colonies • B they left Massachusetts as a result of religious tensions with church authorities • They each played key roles in the Atlantic Slave Trade • They were executed as witches

35. Practice Questions • Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson had which of the following in common? • A they left New England and spread Puritanism to the Middle and Southern Colonies • B they left Massachusetts as a result of religious tensions with church authorities • They each played key roles in the Atlantic Slave Trade • They were executed as witches

36. Practice Questions • The Mayflower Compact served to establish • A religious freedom throughout the colonies • B the possibility of self-government • C trade agreements with England and France • D a covenant between Separatists and non-Separatists

37. Practice Questions • The Mayflower Compact served to establish • A religious freedom throughout the colonies • B the possibility of self-government • C trade agreements with England and France • D a covenant between Separatists and non-Separatists

38. Middle Colonies: New York • 1626: the Dutch in New Amsterdam/New Netherlands • 1664: New Amsterdam taken over by the English and made into New York • Big Trade Center

39. Middle Colonies: Pennsylvania • 1681, William Penn, a Quaker, established a new colony south-west of New York • 1683, established a legislative assembly for self-government • Place of religious tolerance and ethnic diversity

40. Economics • They’re in the middle, so you’ll get the best of both Virginia and New England • “Breadbasket”—wheat farming a big moneymaker • Shipping and trade also very important • Some slavery, but mainly urban, not plantation

41. Practice Questions • Which of the following groups founded Pennsylvania? • A Anglicans • B Pilgrims • C Puritans • D Quakers

42. Practice Questions • Which of the following groups founded Pennsylvania? • A Anglicans • B Pilgrims • C Puritans • D Quakers

43. Practice Questions • What ideology did Quakers promote? • A Communism • B Militarism • C Pacifism • D Socialism

44. Practice Questions • What ideology did Quakers promote? • A Communism • B Militarism • C Pacifism • D Socialism

45. New France Louisiana

46. New France/Quebec • Established in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain • Encouraged conversion of natives to Catholicism and the fur trade • French sailed down the Mississippi River and claimed the land known as Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV • In economic and military competition with British colonies

47. Practice Questions • New France was founded by Samuel de Champlain to promote the • A Fur Trade • B Ice Trade • C Lumber Trade • D Shipbuilding

48. Practice Questions • New France was founded by Samuel de Champlain to promote the • A Fur Trade • B Ice Trade • C Lumber Trade • D Shipbuilding