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Exploring Earth's Layers: Crust, Mantle & Core

Dive into the Earth's structure with this comprehensive guide exploring the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle layers, and core. Learn about plate tectonics, plate boundaries, and seismic activities that shape our planet.

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Exploring Earth's Layers: Crust, Mantle & Core

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  1. EARTH

  2. LAYERS OF THE EARTH

  3. CRUST (LITHOSPHERE) • OCEANIC PLATES • CONTINENTAL PLATES

  4. CRUST(LITHOSPHERE) • OCEANIC - IS ABOUT 10K THICK AND MADE UP OF ROCK WITH IRON AND MAGNESIUM CAUSED BY VOLCANIC ACTION. IT IS VERY DENSE • CONTINENTAL- IS ABOUT 30-50 K THICK AND MADE OF IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC, AND SEDIMENTARY ROCK. IT IS LESS DENSE.

  5. PLATES TECTONICS • THERE ARE 12 PLATES. • CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE MANTLE MOVE THE PLATES. • THE PLATES MOVE JUST A FEW INCHES EACH YEAR.

  6. The plates move because of convection currents in the asthenosphere. http://wc.pima.edu/~bfiero/tucsonecology/setting/images/convcells01.gif

  7. ASTHENOSPHERE • IT IS JUST BELOW THE CRUST. • IT IS WEAKENED BY HEAT. • IT IS WITHOUT STRENGTH. • CONVECTION CURRENTS ALLOW THE PLATES ON TOP OF IT TO MOVE.

  8. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries: http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/boundaries.gif

  9. Great Rift Valley

  10. Himalayan Mountains

  11. Subduction Zones • http://www.smarterscience.net/challengerdeep.html

  12. UPPER MANTLE • IT IS 400KM THICK • MADE OF ROCK RICH IN IRON AND MAGNESIUM. • IT IS MUCH DENSER THAN THE CRUST.

  13. LOWER MANTLE • IT IS ABOUT 1900 KM THICK. • CONTAINS A GREATER AMOUNT OF IRON. • MAKES UP 41% OF THE EARTH’S MASS

  14. OUTER CORE • IT IS MADE UP OF LIQUID METAL. • IT IS ABOUT 2100 KM THICK. • IT MAKES UP ABOUT 30% OF THE EARTH’S MASS.

  15. INNER CORE MADE UP OF HARD METAL. IT IS ABOUT 1300 KM THICK. IT IS 2% OF THE EARTH’S TOTAL MASS.

  16. EARTH’S INNER LAYERS • There are distinct layers to the earth’s interior. • Heavier elements tend to sink to the core • Lighter elements rise toward the surface • More is known about the crust than the mantle and core. • What we believe is true about the mantle and core comes from studying seismology.

  17. SEISMOGRAPH • IT IS USED TO MEASURE THE MOTIONS OF THE GROUND.

  18. Seafloor Spreading • Rift Zone • New Ocean floor • Mid-Ocean Ridge • Red Sea • Great Rift Valley Divergent • Trenches • Volcanoes • Mountains • Mariana Trench • Mt. St. Helens • Andes Mountains Convergent (Subduction Zone) Convergent (Collision) • Himalayas • Appalachian Mts • Rocky Mts Folded Mountains Transform Fault San Andreas Fault Transform

  19. QUESTIONS???

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