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S S C the S uperconducting S uper C ollider

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S S C the S uperconducting S uper C ollider

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  1. The early years-SSC The Dawn of Silicon Detector TechnologySpecial session in honor of Professor Takashi Ohsugi8th International "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD8)Academia Sinica , Taipei, TaiwanDec. 5, 2011Takahiko KONDO (KEK)

  2. Once upon a time on the Earth, there was a project called S S Cthe Superconducting Super Collider

  3. Main accelerator parameters The cost increase was the major reason of cancellation.

  4. 1982: Snowmass workshop 1984: Snowmass workshop, SSC CDG started. 1986: Snowmass workshop 1987: SSC Project approved by President Reagan 1989: Construction started at Waxahachie, Texas 1993: SSC demised in the middle of construction Brief History of SSC

  5. Snowmass Workshops Takashi Ohsugi me

  6. It became clear that all the tracking technique could not work at SSC. Secondary particles in SSC detectors are too dense, too fast and too high in radiation dose. Three proposals for new tracking devices: 1. Straw tubes 2. Silicon strip detectors 3. Scintillating fibers The major milestone forward wasSnowmass 1984 [1] [1] Proc. of the 1984 Summer Study on the Design and Utilization of SSC, June 23-July 13, 1984, Snowmass, Colorado

  7. 2007 G. Kramberger’stalk at DESY seminar (2007.9.1) “Towards Radiation Hard Silicon Detectors at SLHC” page 4 “Silicon strip detectors (near the beam pipe) appear to be limited to…≤ 1032....the 1032 limit could be optimistic.” (PSSC Summary Report pg. 130, 1984) T. Kondo et al, Radiation Damage Test of Silicon Microstrip Detectors, pg. 612, Snowmass 1984

  8. 1984 M. Gilchriese’s talk at STD6 Tracking Workshop(AbeFest), (2006.9.11) “Silicon Detectors and the SSC”, page 4 This was quoted by Kramberger The prevailing opinion was that silicon vertex detectors were not possible at 1033.

  9. 1984 M. Gilchriese’s talk at STD6 Tracking Workshop(AbeFest), (2006.9.11) “Silicon Detectors and the SSC”, page 6 However, there were indications already in 1984 that Silicon detectors could be more radiation tolerant and that cooling was desirable. (eg. T. Kondo et al.,…

  10. 1984 T. Kondo et al, Proc. of the 1984 Summer Study on the Design and Utilization of SSC, June 23-July 13, 1984, Snowmass, Colorado, pp. 612-614 I would be happy if you could refer this paper in your books and review papers in future.

  11. 1984 Ra Radiation Damage Test of Silicon Microstrip Detectors T. Kondo et al., PSSC, Snowmass 1984, pp. 612-614 HPK sensor : 30x30x0.2mm3, strip pitch 0.5 mm, ~10kW 20 mm Photo of Radcolor film showing 800 GeV proton irradiation profile. Proton flux vs leak current. Steps due to beam profile changes from Fig.6 of NIMA270(1988)42

  12. 1984 Radiation Damage Test of Silicon Microstrip Detectors T. Kondo et al., PSSC, Snowmass 1984, pp. 612-614 After 3.5x1014 p/cm2 by 800 GeV protons (T = 7oC) Before (T= 23oC) (1) Silicon is rad-hard (2) little pulse-height change (3) cooling needed I was extremely delighted and excited by this new discovery !!

  13. 1986 M. Gilchriese’s talk at STD6 Tracking Workshop(AbeFest), (2006.9.11) page 10 Report of the Central Tracking Group, pg. 385 Snowmass 1986 …………. Hence, out conclusion is that a silicon microstrip central tracking system is not realistic….

  14. 1986 However, there were already indications of full silicon tracking concepts A Proposal of Solid State Ball for SSC, T. Kondo et al, pg. 399, Snowmass 1986

  15. 1988 Radiation damage studies in Japan, Europe and US. Among others, two papers already published in 1988: Radiation Damage in Silicon MicrostripDetectors, T. Ohsugi, ... T. Kondo, … K. Yamamoto .., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A265(1988)105 They got a T dependence of bulk leakage current as 23 years later ! 2011 Chilingarov proposed at RD50 Workshop, Liverpool, May 2011

  16. 1988 Radiation Damage Test of Silicon Multistrip Detectors, M. Nakamura,…T. Kondo, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A270(1988)42 using the irradiated sensor by 800 GeV protons in 1984. Abstract: ……. The effective impurity density decreases with fluence up to ~4x1013/cm2, but for greater fluences, it increases. This may indicate the type conversion of the bulk silicon ……… I think this is the first observation of type conversion in Si strip sensor, I think.

  17. 1990 Copy from Gil’s talk at AbeFest

  18. 1990 SDC-89-0026 0.25 X0 We were extremely optimistic !!

  19. 1992

  20. 1993 SDC Collaboration meeting at KEK Japan, May 1993

  21. 1993 SDC Collaboration meeting at KEK Japan, May 1993 Jim Harold Larry Michelangelo Henry Fred Tom Andris George Dan Brigg John Gil Moishe Peter Abe Gail Dave Ye ….Taka, Akira, Shigeki, Aki, Yasuo, Nobu, Takashi, Youhei, Yorikiyo, Katsuya,…

  22. 1993 Political battles in Japan on SSC

  23. 1993 October 21, 1993 THE END

  24. 2011 18 years later… Epilogue 1 See Dave Robinson’s talk for more details ATLAS Barrel SCT leakage current plot made by me (T. Kondo)

  25. 2011 18 years later… Epilogue 2 Looking forward to hearing results on Higgs particle searches at LHC next week ! BBC News (Dec.1, 2011) : “ 'Moment of truth' approaching in Higgs boson hunt “ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15991392

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