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Genetic Mutations

Genetic Mutations. Amino Acid Purpose. Each group of 3 bases on a DNA strand signifies a certain Amino Acid to be created. Ex: AAC = Asparagine A protein is produced by the ribosomes based on the sequence of amino acids. The protein is then released into the body to do it’s job.

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Genetic Mutations

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  1. Genetic Mutations

  2. Amino Acid Purpose • Each group of 3 bases on a DNA strand signifies a certain Amino Acid to be created. Ex: AAC = Asparagine • A protein is produced by the ribosomes based on the sequence of amino acids. The protein is then released into the body to do it’s job.

  3. Types of Mutations • Mutations are caused by a change in the DNA sequence due to a mistake when copying when cells reproduce. • There are 4 different types of mutations • Substitution • Insertion • Deletion • Frameshift

  4. Substitution • Substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another. • CTGGAG becomes CTGGCG

  5. Insertion • Mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA. Ex: CTGGAG becomes CTGGTGGAG

  6. Deletion • Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted Ex: CTGGAG - becomes CTAG

  7. Frameshift • Since protein-coding dNA is divided into codons three bases long, insertions and deletions can alter a gene so that it’s message is no longer correctly parsed. For example in the sentence The Fat Cat Sat, each word represents a codon. If the first letter is deleted, the sentence won’t make sense. HefAtcAts At This causes DNA codons to be parsed incorrectly. This generates truncated proteins that are useless.

  8. Mutation Causes • DNA fails to copy accurately • External Influences – such as specific chemicals or radiation. These can cause the DNA to break down. When the cell repairs the DNA, it might not do a perfect job of the repair, causing a difference in DNA

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