Carbon: The backbone of life

1. Carbon: The backbone of life

3. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds The term �organic� chemistry came from the misconception that carbon-based compounds were always connected to life

4. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds The term �organic� chemistry came from the misconception that carbon-based compounds were always connected to life Exception:

5. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Exception:

6. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds It mostly involves CHOPNS With few elements it is possible to create a diversity of molecules �.because of the special properties of carbon

7. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

8. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms The key to an atom�s chemical characteristics is its electron configuration Carbon�s valence shell is half-full�or is it half-empty?

9. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms Carbon usually completes its valence shell by sharing electrons with other atoms in covalent bonds

10. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms Carbon usually completes its valence shell by sharing electrons with other atoms in covalent bonds ..

11. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms Carbon usually completes its valence shell by sharing electrons with other atoms in covalent bonds

12. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms Carbon usually completes its valence shell by sharing electrons with other atoms in covalent bonds

13. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

14. Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

15. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation

16. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length

17. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length

18. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length

19. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length Branching , ,

20. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length Branching Double bonds

21. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length Branching Double bonds

22. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation Sources of diversity: Chain length Branching Double bonds Ring formation

23. Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variation

24. Other forms of diversity

25. Other forms of diversity Isomers-compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements, but different structures (hence different properties)

26. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural Geometric Enantiomers

27. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their atoms or in the arrangement of double bonds

28. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their atoms or in the arrangement of double bonds

29. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their atoms or in the arrangement of double bonds

30. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their atoms or in the presence or absence of double bonds

31. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural Geometric isomers have the same covalent partnerships, but differ in their spatial arrangement (related to inflexibility of double bonds)

32. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural Geometric isomers have the same covalent partnerships, but differ in their spatial arrangement (related to inflexibility of double bonds)

33. Other forms of diversity Three types of isomers Structural Geometric Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each other

34. A small number of chemical functional groups are key to the function of biological molecules We�ve been focusing on the carbon skeleton�.what�s attached impacts form and functionWe�ve been focusing on the carbon skeleton�.what�s attached impacts form and function

35. A small number of chemical functional groups are key to the function of biological molecules Properties of the molecule will also depend on the molecular components attached to the carbon skeleton Functional groups can replace H These groups participate in chemical reactions and change the molecular shape

36. A small number of chemical functional groups are key to the function of biological molecules

37. Can you identify any of the common functional groups on the following biological molecules? Starch and celluloseStarch and cellulose

38. Can you identify any of the common functional groups on the following biological molecules?

39. Can you identify any of the common functional groups on the following biological molecules?

40. Can you identify any of the common functional groups on the following biological molecules?

41. Can you identify any of the common functional groups on the following biological molecules?