Introduction into Urban Air Quality in Asia: Status, Impact and its Management

1. 1 Introduction into Urban Air Quality in Asia: Status, Impact and its Management

2. 2 Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia)

3. 3 Sharing knowledge and experiences on air quality management Capacity building Improving policy and regulatory frameworks at the regional level Assisting cities in formulating and implementing integrated air quality management systems Piloting projects to encourage innovation

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5. 5 Part 2 Review of Status of AQM in Asia

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12. 12 Sources: Bangkok - Thailand Pollution Control Board, 2000 - 2003 Beijing - Beijing Environmental Monitoring Center, 2000 - 2003 Busan - through Korea Environment Institute, 2000 - 2002 Colombo - Air Resources Management Center (AirMAC) - Sri Lanka Central Environment Authority, 2000 - 2003 Dhaka - Air Quality Management Project - Bangladesh Department of Environment, 2002 - 2003 Hanoi - DOSTE - Hanoi, 2000 - 2002; and CEETIA for PM10, 2000 - 2003 Ho Chi Minh - DOSTE - Ho Chi Minh, 2000 - 2003 Hong Kong - Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 2000 - 2003 Jakarta - Indonesia Ministry of Environment, 2000 - 2003; and SPM for 2000 - 2001 Kathmandu - Ministry of Population and Environment, 2003 Kolkata - average of West Bengal Pollution Control Board, 2000 - 2003 and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002 Manila - Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2000 - 2003 for SPM; and Manila Observatory, 2002 - 2003 for PM10 Mumbai - average of data from Mashelkar, R.A. Report (2002) for 2000 - 2003 and S.A. Dutta; and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002 New Delhi - average of data from CPCB, 2000 - 2003; and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002; N02 from CPCB only Seoul - through Korea Environment Institute, 2000 - 2002 Shanghai - Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, 2000 - 2003 Singapore - National Environment Agency, 2004 Surabaya - Environmental Department of the Local Government of Surabaya, 2001 - 2003 Taipei,China - Bureau of Environmental Protection, Taipei,China Municipal Government, 2000 - 2003 Tokyo - Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Municipal Government, 2000 - 2003 Sources: Bangkok - Thailand Pollution Control Board, 2000 - 2003 Beijing - Beijing Environmental Monitoring Center, 2000 - 2003 Busan - through Korea Environment Institute, 2000 - 2002 Colombo - Air Resources Management Center (AirMAC) - Sri Lanka Central Environment Authority, 2000 - 2003 Dhaka - Air Quality Management Project - Bangladesh Department of Environment, 2002 - 2003 Hanoi - DOSTE - Hanoi, 2000 - 2002; and CEETIA for PM10, 2000 - 2003 Ho Chi Minh - DOSTE - Ho Chi Minh, 2000 - 2003 Hong Kong - Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 2000 - 2003 Jakarta - Indonesia Ministry of Environment, 2000 - 2003; and SPM for 2000 - 2001 Kathmandu - Ministry of Population and Environment, 2003 Kolkata - average of West Bengal Pollution Control Board, 2000 - 2003 and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002 Manila - Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2000 - 2003 for SPM; and Manila Observatory, 2002 - 2003 for PM10 Mumbai - average of data from Mashelkar, R.A. Report (2002) for 2000 - 2003 and S.A. Dutta; and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002 New Delhi - average of data from CPCB, 2000 - 2003; and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002; N02 from CPCB only Seoul - through Korea Environment Institute, 2000 - 2002 Shanghai - Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, 2000 - 2003 Singapore - National Environment Agency, 2004 Surabaya - Environmental Department of the Local Government of Surabaya, 2001 - 2003 Taipei,China - Bureau of Environmental Protection, Taipei,China Municipal Government, 2000 - 2003 Tokyo - Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Municipal Government, 2000 - 2003

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18. 18 State: Ambient versus Roadside

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21. 21 Ambient Air Quality in Major Asian Cities

22. 22 Impacts: Health Effects

23. 23 Impacts: Epidemiological studies and Health Costs Health Costs per year Manila (2001)1 : Chronic bronchitis (8,439) and excess deaths associated with PM10 (1,915) costs US$392M Shanghai (2000)2: Chronic bronchitis (15,188) and premature deaths (7,261) associated with PM10 costs US$880M Bangkok (2000)3: Chronic bronchitis (1,092) and excess deaths (4,550) associated with PM10 costs US$424M India (2002)4: estimated annual health damage of pre-Euro emissions for the 25 Indian cities were from a low of US $14 million (Rs.679 crore) to a high of US $ 191.6 million Jakarta (1998)5: estimated health effects from PM10 only is US$ 100 million

24. 24 Review Both city profile and questionnaire have been reviewed by air quality experts in the city

25. 25 AQM Indicator Ratings

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28. 28 Response: Online Ambient Air Quality Data of Selected Asian Cities

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33. 33 CAI-Asia Programs

34. 34 Improved scientific understanding of air pollution in Asia Better policies for air quality management in Asia Strengthened air quality governance in Asia Improved implementation of air quality management policies and programs

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36. 36 CATNet-Asia: Partnership of World Bank, USEPA and Pollution Control Department Thailand to strengthen capacity to deliver air quality management training http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/propertyvalue-19618.html Distance Learning Course: World Bank Institute Program to deliver Air Quality Management training http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/propertyvalue-19618.html Fuel Quality Strategies Training Workshop: ADB – IFQC program to strengthen capacity of Asian countries to develop fuel quality improvement strategies http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-58140.html ‘South-South’ Exchange Program: Exchange of experiences among CAI-Asia member cities and organizations

37. 37 Strategic Framework for Air Quality Management in Asia: Joint activity with APMA Project to develop a high level conceptual approach to air quality management by Asian Cities. http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-58180.html Dialogue among other Regional Initiatives/ Institutions with AQM Component: Annual dialogue to promote the development and adoption common agendas on air quality management in Asia. http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-58414.html Benchmarking Study on UAQM Capability of selected Asian cities - 2nd Stage: Assessment of air quality management capabilities among 20 Asian cities Initial Results - http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-59072.html CAI-Asia – Oil Industry Dialogue for Cleaner Fuels in Asia: Dialogue aimed to result in a joint roadmap for cleaner transportation fuels in Asia http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-58858.html

38. 38 Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA): $2 million research and capacity building program to investigate impact of air pollution on public health in Asian cities http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-48844.html Poverty and Air Pollution: Ho Chi Minh based case study to develop methodology to assess linkage of air pollution and poverty in Asia. Developing Integrated Emissions Strategies for Existing Land Transport (DIESEL): Bangkok based regional program to develop solutions to reduce emissions from in-use diesel vehicles http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-48845.html Partnership for Sustainable Urban Transportation in Asia: Regional Partnership of ADB and EMBARQ to promote sustainable urban transport in Asia through policy dialogue and indicator development. http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-58616.html Emission Reduction Potential of Low Sulfur Diesel Fuels in Asia: Studies in support of CAI-Asia’s activities on fuel quality improvement. http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-58109.html

39. 39 The annual BAQ workshop has developed into an institution and is now the largest urban air quality event in Asia. Better Air Quality 2002: 16-19 December 2002. Hong Kong, SAR– Hosted by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Environmental Protection Department and supported by the Air Pollution in the Mega-cities of Asia Project, CAI-Asia, and the California Air Resources Board http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/article-35730.html Better Air Quality 2003: 17-19 December 2003. Manila, Philippines – Hosted by the Air Pollution in the Mega-cities of Asia Project, the Partnership for Clean Air (Manila), and CAI-Asia http://www.cleanairnet.org/baq2003/1496/channel.html Better Air Quality 2004: 6-8 December 2003. Agra, India. Hosted by India’s Ministry of Environment and Forests and CAI-Asia, and jointly organized by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, Central Pollution Control Board, and CAI-Asia http://www.cleanairnet.org/baq2004/1527/channel.html

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