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Singapore’s Experience in Managing a Sustainable, Integrated Transport System

BAQ 2006 13–15 Dec 06, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Singapore’s Experience in Managing a Sustainable, Integrated Transport System. Loh Chow Kuang Deputy Director, LTA Academy Land Transport Authority, Singapore Website: www.lta.gov.sg Email: chow_kuang_loh@lta.gov.sg. Overview.

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Singapore’s Experience in Managing a Sustainable, Integrated Transport System

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  1. BAQ 2006 13–15 Dec 06, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Singapore’s Experience in Managing a Sustainable, Integrated Transport System Loh Chow Kuang Deputy Director, LTA Academy Land Transport Authority, Singapore Website: www.lta.gov.sg Email: chow_kuang_loh@lta.gov.sg

  2. Overview Key Challenges Current Achievements Integrated Approach Sustainable Strategies New Initiatives Conclusion

  3. 23 km 42 km • Labour Force - 2.37 mil • Per Capital GDP- $44,666 (~US$28,000) SINGAPORE • Land Area - 699 km2 • Population - 4.4 mil • Pop Density - 6222/ km2

  4. Growing Travel Demand Million 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8.4m/day 4.4m 2.7m/day 2.4m 0.75m 0.37m 2005 1980 Vehicle Population Trips

  5. Singapore in 1970

  6. Singapore Today A First World City – Vibrant, Efficient, Safe, Clean, Green and Liveable

  7. Car Population - 438,000 (58%) Efficient Road System Road Network - 3,200 km Expressway Network - 150 km Vehicle Population - 755,000 Cars/1000 residents - 117

  8. Average speed within city centre during AM Peak Source: World Cities Research, 2005 Smooth Flowing Roads> 95% of expressways and major arterial roads during peaks are congestion-free

  9. High-Quality Public Transport

  10. Efficient and Affordable Public Transport >85% journeys on mass public transport take < 45 min during the A.M. Peak More than 90% of journeys completed within an hour 85% of journeys completed in <45min

  11. $/trip Affordable Public Transport Fares- Without Direct Operating Subsidies • Bus/Train Fares among the lowest in the world

  12. 42% 58% High PT Mode Share AM Peak Whole Day 37% 63% Public Transport: Bus, MRT, Taxi, Co Bus Source: HIS 2004 Private Transport: Cars, Motorcycle

  13. 88% (320 days) Good Clean Environment Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) In 2005 12% (45 days) Moderate 0% Unhealthy

  14. Optimise Road Network Sustainable, Integrated Approach • Landuse • Long-term Urban Planning, Integration of Developments Transport Integrated Landuse/Transport Planning Vehicle Ownership Restraint Develop/Expand Rapid Transit Improve Bus Services Vehicle Usage Restraint Promote Public Transport Traffic Management/ITS Integrate Bus/Rail Network & Ticketing Enhance Safety & Accessibility Enhance Commuter Accessibility Judiciously Expand Road Network Conducive Financing and Industry Framework • Environment • Emission Standards, Cleaner Fuels, Enforcement, • Green Vehicles, Education

  15. (LTA) Transport Management Framework Ministry of Transport 4 Statutory Boards Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) Public Transport Council (PTC) Maritime & Port Authority (MPA) Overall sea transport management Overall land transport planning, development & management - LTA Act - Rapid Transit Sys Act - Street Works Act - Road Traffic Act Overall air transport management Regulates bus, ticket payment services and public transport fares -Public Transport Council Act

  16. (LTA) Policy One-Stop National Agency that: • Formulates policies and strategies; • Plans road & rapid transit networks to meet future travel demand; • Develops road & rail infrastructure and manages the design & construction of projects; • Manages traffic and maintains road structures & facilities; and • Regulates public transport services and vehicles. ~ 3500 staff (incl 1200 professionals) Planning Development Management Road Rail Vehicle Bus Taxi

  17. Ministry of National Development Ministry of Environment and Water Resources - Overall urban planning Housing and Development Board - Overall environment protection and public health management - Develop public housing Others Jurong Town Corp National Parks Board Singapore Land Authority Landuse Transport Environment Holistic Management Ministry of Transport (LTA) - Overall land transport planning, development & management Public Transport Council (PTC) - Regulate bus and ticketing services, and public transport fares

  18. Long-term Planning for Sustainability

  19. Public Transport-Centric Development • Centralisation – Denser, Higher • Reduce car dependency • Favour public transport • Decentralisation – Closer to home • Reduce the need to travel • Facilitate peak spreading • Integration - Intensification • along rail corridors • One-stop convenience • Seamless journey

  20. High-density/High-rise Residential Towns Major Town CBD • No of major towns - 25 High-density housing • % of population - 85% • Dwelling units/town - 20,000-70,000

  21. Integrated Landuse/Transport Planning

  22. Computer Transport Modelling • Provides travel demand forecasts and traffic simulation for infrastructure planning, policy studies and traffic management schemes

  23. Integration with Developments

  24. Seamless Integration – Dhoby Ghaut Interchange

  25. Make Public Transport a Choice Mode

  26. Public Transport Policy Framework • Infrastructural & train capital costs borne by Government • No operating subsidies given • Bus operators enjoy certain tax concessions • Operators are self-sustaining/profitable • Bus operators given territorial monopolies in return for their Universal Service Obligation (USO) • Bus/train fares regulated (by Public Transport Council) • Service standards of bus/train/taxi operators are regulated • Taxi industry has been liberalised (fares & new entrants)

  27. Expand Rapid Transit Network

  28. Evaluation of Infrastructure Investments 2 Criteria : Economic Viability Benefits  Costs Financial Viability Operating Revenue  Operating Costs

  29. New Rail Transit Lines • Currently > 40 km of rail lines are under construction

  30. Public Transport Improvements • Stringent Quality of Service standards with regulate audits • Integrated smartcard ticketing system • Bus priority schemes (bus lanes, etc) • Promote innovation and competition • Develop lifestyle hubs at MRT stations

  31. Public Transport Improvements (Cont) • Air-conditioned bus interchanges • Covered linkways for commuters • Low-floor/Wheelchair accessible buses • Express/innovative bus services • PT Security systems • Advanced telematics

  32. Vehicle Ownership Control Managing Demand for Road Usage Road Usage Restraint High Upfront Cost Recurrent Usage Cost - Custom Duty (20%) - Additional Registration Fee (110%) - COE Premium • Road Pricing • Petrol Duty

  33. Ownership Control - Vehicle Quota System • Implemented in 1990 to regulate vehicle population • Cap annual vehicle growth rate to < 3% (vs about 7% prior to implementation) • Certificate of Entitlement (COE) for all vehicle purchases - valid for 10 years (8 years for taxis) • Open e-biding (twice a month), 5 vehicle categories

  34. Weekend/Off-peak Car Scheme Introduced in May 1991/1994 to allow more people to own cars at a lower cost without contributing to traffic congestion. Owners enjoy up-front tax rebates of up to $17,000 and a discount of $800 on annual road tax (min $50). Free use on Sundays and Public Holidays, 7.00 pm to 7.00 am on weekdays; and from 3.00 pm on Saturdays and the eve of Public Holidays. $20 day licence required outside the above periods. Car Sharing Scheme Individual/Corporate membership 3 private operators > 50 points in housing estates, CBD, etc Intelligent car access system Time and distance-based charges Innovative ‘Part-time’ Car Schemes Red No Plate Weekend/Off-peak Car

  35. Usage Restraint - Road Pricing

  36. ERP System

  37. ERP Coverage

  38. Effect of ALS / ERP

  39. More on ERP in Singapore SW30: Congestion Charging & Road Pricing on 15 Dec 06 at 1300-1500 h at Bromo 2

  40. Optimise Road Network • Maximise capacity by leveraging on technology • Computerised traffic signal system (GLIDE) • ITS incident management and real-time traffic information (EMAS, J-eye, Traffic Scan) • Judiciously expand road network to meet constrained demand • 8% increase in lane-km over last 10 years vs 17% vehicle growth • Additional 138 lane-km by 2010 (new expressway/roads, road extension and widening)

  41. New Underground Expressway

  42. Enhancing Pedestrian Accessibility • Implement barrier-free accessibility for road and road-related facilities • Extend provision of commuter facilities • Pedestrian overhead bridges, pedestrian crossings, covered linkways • Pedestrianisation of streets

  43. Enhancing Road Safety

  44. Environmental Sustainability

  45. Sharing with the World Delegates from some 50 countries worldwide have visited LTA > 70 delegations visited LTA in 2005

  46. Sharing with the World • A dedicated Division of Land Transport Authority (LTA) • A one-stop focal point for governments, organisations and professionals around the world to: • tap Singapore’s know-how and • exchange best practices in land transport management and development • Key training areas: • Policy and Planning • Public Transport Management • Traffic and Road Management • Rail Transit Development & Systems • Vehicle Licensing and Standards • Delivered by Senior LTA Staff who are the Domain Experts www.LTAacademy.gov.sg Best Practices Exhibit Booth 47

  47. Conclusion • Holistic and visionary approach to urban development, transport and environment management • Long-term planning for sustainability • Public transport-centric and Integrated developments • Integration of landuse and transport planning • Prudent policies that promote public transport (esp rail), demand management and environmental sustainability • Innovative strategies & effective implementation

  48. Singapore (LTA) Thank You

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