The use of biomethane as a fuel by the urban bus fleet in Lille (France)

1. The use of biomethane as a fuel by the urban bus fleet in Lille (France) Dr. MESTREL Consultancy & Associates (Paris, Zurich, Stockholm) Safe & Sustainable Urban transportation systems expertise

2. The biogas • Biogas: it is produced by fermentation safe from the air. the gas contains approximately 60 % methane • Agricultural biogas: resulting from the liquid manures, the manures, it makes it possible to purify the effluents but does not reduce the nitrogen availability • Industrial biogas: process of self-production of energy which purifies organically charged effluents • Domestic biogas: resulting from the landfills, the fermentation of used water, the fermentation of the organic part of the household refuse

3. CNG & biogas buses • 2000 buses in France • 200 refueling stations • 20 years experience • 1990 technical research • 1995 standardization • 2000 full depots • 2005 total fleets • 2008 renewable energy

4. Specifications and development NationalAutoritiesEU Normes IntegrationInfrastructure Constructor Operator Equipmentsvehicles lines Dr. MESTREL professional advice

5. 1916-1990-1995-2000 bus generations

6. Gaseous fuel technical phases • 1916 Omnibus 150 bars urban gas in Paris • 1930 Hydrogen airships • 1950 Natural gas vehicles in southwest • 1975 LNG bus in Paris • 1985 R&D methane & Hyd motorization • 1990 Biogas bus at Lille • 1995 Renault hydrogen prototype • 2000 NGV buses in competition with Diesel • 2005 Hythane at Dunkerque and Toulouse • 2008 Sequedin:150 biomethane buses in operation

7. Marquette biogas bus prototype

8. The biogas operated bus project: A pilot experimentation in Europe • Project kick-off in 1991 • The first gas operated bus was put into circulation in March 1994 • Pilot skid with water treatment unit for biogas has been operational since April 1995 from waste water treatment

9. First biogas bus in Lille

10. The 10 years prototype biogastreatment and compression unit

11. The skills required to develop the biogas project • Reliability of gas buses > 95 % • Cost per kilometer equal to or less than that for diesel buses • Suppress the environmental air particular pollution • Reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by use of renewable energy • Halve the motorization noise impact

12. Clean transportation systems Renewable energy busses • 300 biogas buses on a total fleet of 350 • New buses corresponding to EEV Label • Metro + Tramway + Biogas Buses = 90% of public transportation made with clean vehicles

13. A 2000 m³/h station at Villeneuve d ’Ascq bus depot since 2000

14. Villeneuve d’Ascq: 120 buses

15. Sequedin waste biogas plant and bus depot build in the same time • A new bus depot for 150 biogas buses • Production of biogas from a new organic waste center for a 1 million people area • A new biogas / natural gas compression unit

16. Sequedin bus depot overview Waste Organic Recovery Centre

17. Waste organic recovery center near bus depot site A compression unit : biogas and natural gas Biogas pipe

18. Sequedin: a new depot for 150 biogas buses Opened in January 2006

19. Natural Gas Compressed gas Biogas Compression Unit 3 compressors of 1500 Nm³/h Two gas sources (NG & biogas) for 4500 m³/h fuel station

20. Waste organic recovery centre Biogas in operation in the beginning of 2008

21. Delivery of biomass Green waste from gardens etc. Intake of biomass Intake of oil and grease Transit of refuse to be incinerated

22. Pre-treatment of the biomass Pre-composting of biomass Biomass feeding to a digester Mixing devices motors Mixing device in a digester

23. Digestion and composting Intake of the thermophylic digesters Composting tunnel Inside a composting tunnel Compost finishing

24. Compost conditioning Grinding and sifting of the compost Compost turn-over device Final storage of the compost Waterway compost transportation

25. Upgrading biogas to biomethane Transferring biogas to be upgraded Compressor and washing column Drying column Washing and stripping columns

26. Biogas upgrade Recycling motor Detail of the skid Final compressor Compressor lubricator

27. Biomethane storage Biomethane odorization Biomethane volume metering One of both final storage tanks Final biomethane storage tanks

28. Waste treatment Burning the low quality biogas Filtering the nitrate charged air Transport of the refuse to be incinerated Transit of the waste collection trucks

29. The biogas buses project size 100 % clean public transportation • 3 – 4 bus depots dedicated to biogas buses • 400 gas/biogas buses • Mass production of biogas coming from organic waste and waste water sludge

30. Biomethane quality requirements • Calorific value: 10 - 11 kWh/m³ • Methane content: 93 to 97 % • Dewatering point: - 20 °C at 200 bar • Sulphur content: < 7 mg/Nm³ • No acid gases • No heavy metals particles

31. Wattrelos: new depot in 2008 for 150 biogas busses Building start in June 2006. Opening in June

32. Sewage Treatment Plant: 350 000 people area between France & Belgium Sludge Biogas Compression unit 500 - 8000 m³/h Wattrelos biogas bus depot overview

33. Wattrelos biogas bus depot Waste water sludge biogas production Biomethane compression station Workshop buildings First refuelling test in February

34. Feasibility study for biogas conversion up to 90% of the organic WWTP sludge The raw biogas production How to convert in biogas 75 to 90 % ? The ultrasonic pretreatment The high pressure pre-treatment

35. We thank you for your attention Contact us: Paris: marc.mestrel@wanadoo.fr Zürich: jphofer@stephenson.dhis.org Stockholm: aros.ingenjorsbyra@comhem.se