Ch. 20 Cold War & Postwar Changes

1. Ch. 20 Cold War & Postwar Changes 1945-1970

2. 20:1 Development of the Cold War • Objectives: • Describe the development of the cold war. • Explain the Policy of containment • Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis • Why was the Berlin Wall built?

3. Super powers = countries whose military power is combined with political powers influence • U.S. & Soviet Union become rivals & suspicious of each others motives.

4. What is Communism? • — n 1. advocacy of a classless society in which private ownership has been abolished and the means of production and subsistence belong to the community • 2. any social, economic, or political movement or doctrine aimed at achieving such a society • 3….

5. 3.  See also socialism (Marxism) a political movement based upon the writings of Marx that considers history in terms of class conflict and revolutionary struggle, resulting eventually in the victory of the proletariat and the establishment of a socialist order based on public ownership of the means of production

6. U.S. & Britain = think the liberated E. European nations should freely determine own gov’ts…….Stalin fears they would vote anit-Soviet • Truman Doctrine = provided aid ($) to Greece to keep from falling to Communism • Marshall Plan = Provided $13 billion for European Recovery Plan to any nation to keep from Communism

7. Satellite Nations = weaker Eastern European nations under Soviet control. • “Iron Curtain” = Churchill (Br) describes division in Europe between Democratic W. European and Communist East Europe.

8. Policy of Containment = keeping Communism within its own boundaries. • After WWII Germany and Berlin is divided among allies:

9. West makes plans to unify their zones & create a W. Germany gov’t. • Soviets response = blockade of W. Berlin. • Berlin Airlift = 10 mos. of flying supplies into W. Berlin until blockade lifted

10. (1949) China – Communist taking over Nationalist gov’t….adding to US’s fear of the spread of Communism • Arms race = each country built up weapons • (1949) NATO – new military alliance of Western European countries, US, Canada • (1955) Warsaw Pact - Soviets & E. European countries alliance

11. Nikita Khrushchev built a wall to keep E. Berliners from going west (1961) (1959)Fidel Castro – revolutionary who overthrew Cuban dictator (Fulgencio Batista) setting up a Soviet-backed totalitarian regime

12. Cuban Missile Crisis • (1960-61) JFK approved secret plan for Exiles to invade Cuba for revolt vs. Castro.. Bay of Pigs = failed. Also set up blockade of Cuba and an embargo. (1963) Hotline – direct line of communication between US and SU

13. (1964) LBJohnson sending troops to Vietnam to keep Communism from gaining control in South Vietnam • Domino Theory = • if one country in Asia falls to Communism others will too.

14. US failed to defeat North Vietnam in 10 yrs….LBJ blamed. • (1973) Nixon reaches agreement with N.V. & removes troops. • He also resumed relations with China/SE Asia managing to avoid Communist gov’ts.

15. SUMMARY • Objectives: • Describe the development of the cold war. • Explain the Policy of containment • Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis • Why was the Berlin Wall built?

16. 20:2 Soviet Union & E. Europe1953-1970 • Hydrogen bombs – US then SU • Sputnik I (1957) SU 1st satellite in space then US • Nikita Khrushchev – “destalinization” condemning Stalin….1964 Soviet leaders voted him out. • Soviets exploited East Europe to benefit themselves & made harsh living conditions = tension between SU and E. Europe…Poland est. own socialist path.

17. 20:3 West. Europe & N. America1950-1970 • (France) Charles de Gaulle - est. new gov’t “5th Republic” (wanting to return FR. to great power) • (1960 – Fr. Nuclear bomb)

18. Great Britain – created a welfare state = state in which gov’t takes responsibility for providing citizens with services and minimal standard of living. • (1946) passes new insurance/health acts • Forced to reduce spending abroad • By giving up colonies to independence • GB no longer to play role of a world power!

19. NORTH America: • Due to the Cold War…many Americans became convinced of Communist plot to take over world = Red Scare. • “McCarthy-ism” • Herbert Block (aka Herblock) coined the term in this W Washington Postcartoon March 1950

20. 1950 Korean War – US send troops to prevent spread of Communism • 1960 JFK – 1963 • LBJ + 1964 election • CIVIL RIGHTS = racial segregation began 1954 • Rosa Parks 1955 • Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka, KS • Earl Warren = rules “separate but equal”

21. 1963 MLK, Jr. = movement of racial equality • 1965 local segregation led to higher unemployment for blacks. • Riots broke out in 100’s of cities • 1968 MLK, Jr. assassinated in Memphis. • Anti-war Protests grew @ Vietnam • Nixon calls for law & order chaos

22. CANADA: • Develops electronics, aircraft, nuclear/chemical engineer industries • 1945 founding member UN • 1949 member NATO • Welcomes new Nat’l social security/health programs

23. 1950’s = Consumers Society • Society preoccupied with buying goods Women in postwar world: -allowed to vote *Huge part of workforce during war *Babyboom = 1945-1965 *Earned less than men *feminism/liberation movement

24. Did you know? • Cobblestone streets began being paved due to protesters throwing them

25. Summary • Explain developments in postwar western societies. • Explain the Cold War • Explain the Korean War • Explain the Vietnam War

26. Faces & Places