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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Payment Systems for Electronic Commerce. Learning Objectives. In this chapter, you will learn about: The ways that companies operating online collect payments from customers Credit and debit card processing for electronic commerce transactions

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Payment Systems for Electronic Commerce

  2. Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: • The ways that companies operating online collect payments from customers • Credit and debit card processing for electronic commerce transactions • The history and future for electronic cash • The implementation of electronic cash systems • How electronic wallets work • The use of stored-value cards in electronic commerce • Protocols used to protect credit card transactions

  3. Electronic Payment Systems • Electronic commerce involves the exchange of some form of money for goods and services. • Implementation of electronic payment systems is in its infancy and still evolving. • Electronic payments are far cheaper than the traditional method of mailing out paper invoices and then processing payments received.

  4. Electronic Payment Systems • Estimates of the cost of billing one person vary between $1 and $1.50. • Sending bills and receiving payments over the Internet promises to drop the transaction cost to an average of 50 cents per bill. • Today, three basic ways to pay for purchases dominate business-to-consumer commerce.

  5. Electronic Payment Systems

  6. Electronic Payment Systems • Electronic cash distribution and payment can be handled by wallets, smart cards, or proprietary, limited-use scrip. • Scrip is digital cash minted by a company instead of by a government. • Several companies, such as eCash Technologies, sell software that enables Web merchants to a offer a variety of payment systems.

  7. Electronic Payment Systems

  8. Debit Cards, Credit Cards and Charge Cards • A credit card, such as a Visa or a MasterCard, has a preset spending limit based on the user’s credit limit. • A charge card, such as one from American Express, carries no preset spending limit. • A debit card removes the amount of the charge from the cardholder’s account and transfers it to the seller’s bank. • The collective term ‘payment card’ refers to credit cards, debit cards, and charge cards.

  9. Advantages and Disadvantages of Payment Cards • Advantages: • Payment cards provide fraud protection. • They have worldwide acceptance. • They are good for online transactions. • Disadvantages: • Payment card service companies charge merchants per-transaction fees and monthly processing fees.

  10. Payment Acceptance and Processing • Open and closed loop systems will accept and process payment cards. • A merchant bank or acquiring bank is a bank that does business with merchants who want to accept payment cards. • Software packaged with your electronic commerce software can handle payment card processing automatically.

  11. Payment Acceptance and Processing

  12. Electronic Cash • Electronic cash is a general term that describes the attempts of several companies to create a value storage and exchange system that operates online in much the same way that government-issued currency operates in the physical world. • Concerns about electronic payment methods include: • Privacy • Security • Independence • Portability • Convenience

  13. Electronic Cash (cont.) • Electronic cash should have two important characteristics in common with real currency: • It must be possible to spend electronic cash only once. • Electronic cash ought to be anonymous. • The most important characteristic of cash is convenience. • If electronic cash requires special hardware or software, it will not be convenient for people to use.

  14. Electronic Cash (cont.)

  15. Holding Electronic Cash: Online and Offline Cash • Two approaches to holding cash: online storage and offline storage. • Online cash storage means that an online bank is involved in all transfers of electronic cash. • Offline cash storage is the virtual equivalent of money you keep in your wallet. However, it must prevent double or fraudulent spending.

  16. Advantages of Electronic Cash • Electronic cash transactions are more efficient and less costly than other methods. • The distance that an electronic transaction must travel does not affect cost. • The fixed cost of hardware to handle electronic cash is nearly zero. • Electronic cash does not require that one party have any special authorization.

  17. Disadvantages of Electronic Cash • Electronic cash provides no audit trail. • Because true electronic cash is not traceable, money laundering is a problem. • Electronic cash is susceptible to forgery. • So far, electronic cash is a commercial flop.

  18. How Electronic Cash Works • To establish electronic cash, a consumer goes in person to open an account with a bank. • The consumer uses a digital certificate to access the bank through the Internet to make a purchase. • Consumers can spend their electronic cash at sites that accept electronic cash for payment. • The electronic cash must be protected from both theft and alteration.

  19. Providing Security for Electronic Cash • To prevent double spending, the main security feature is the threat of prosecution. • A complicated two-part lock provides anonymous security that also signals when someone is attempting to double spend cash. • One way to trace electronic cash is to attach a serial number to each electronic cash transaction.

  20. Providing Security for Electronic Cash

  21. Electronic Cash Systems • Compaq Computer’s electronic cash technology allows users to use its NetCoin electronic cash. • KCOM offers its own NetCoin electronic cash system and offers electronic cash through its NetCoin Center. • No standards were ever developed for the entire electronic cash system.

  22. CheckFree • CheckFree provides online payment processing services to both large corporations and individual Internet users. • CheckFree permits users to pay all their bills with online electronic checks. • CheckFree provides part of the technology that the Web portal Yahoo! uses to provide its Yahoo! Bill Pay service

  23. CheckFree

  24. CheckFree

  25. Clickshare • Clickshare is an electronic cash system aimed at magazine and newspaper publishers. • Users with an ISP that supports Clickshare are automatically registered with Clickshare. • Clickshare tracks users with the standard HTTP Web protocol.

  26. eCoin.Net • ECoins are electronic tokens issued by eCoin.net. • Consumers can use the tokens to pay for online goods. • The electronic cash is stored in an eCoin wallet on the consumer’s computer. • The eCoin system uses a three-link chain consisting of a consumer, a merchant, and the eCoin server.

  27. eCoin.Net

  28. InternetCash • InternetCash provides electronic currency that is very similar to traditional cash. • Customers must first purchase an InternetCash card from stores, such as Circle K. • Customers then go online and activate their cards by entering a 20-digit code and creating a PIN. • After their card is activated, customers can pay for purchases using the InternetCash card at any site that accepts it.

  29. InternetCash

  30. PayPal • PayPal.com is a free service that earns a profit on the float, which is money that is deposited in PayPal account. • The free payment clearing service that PayPal provides to individuals is called a peer-to-peer payment system. • PayPal allows customers to send money instantly and securely to anyone with an e-mail address, including an online merchant.

  31. PayPal

  32. Billpoint • Billpoint is operated as a joint venture between eBay and Wells Fargo. • Billpoint does not currently allow its members to maintain cash deposits or to transfer cash directly from their checking accounts. • Billpoint requires all its members to have a credit card. • Billpoint only handles payments for eBay auctions.

  33. Electronic Wallets • An electronic wallet serves a function similar to a physical wallet; it • holds credit cards, electronic cash, owner identification, and owner contact information • provides owner contact information at an electronic commerce site’s checkout counter • Some electronic wallets contain an address book.

  34. Electronic Wallets (cont.) • Electronic wallets make shopping more efficient. • Electronic wallets fall into two categories based on where they are stored: • Server-side electronic wallet • Client-side electronic wallet

  35. Electronic Wallets (cont.) • Electronic wallets store shipping and billing information, including a consumer’s first and last names, street address, city, state, country, and zip or postal code. • Electronic wallets automatically enter required information into checkout forms.

  36. Microsoft .NET Passport • Microsoft Passport Wallet comes preinstalled in Internet Explorer 4.0 and higher versions. • All the personal data you enter into your Microsoft Passport, including; your name, address, and credit card information, are encrypted and password-protected. • Passport consists of four integrated services: Passport single sign-in service, Passport Wallet Service, Kids Passport service, and public profiles.

  37. Microsoft .NET Passport

  38. The W3C Proposed Standard • The W3C Electronic Commerce Interest Group (ECIG) developed a set of standards called the the Common Markup for Micropayment Per-Fee-Links. • This standard identifies existing system micropayment types of online connections, stored-value systems, and combined online-offline systems.

  39. The ECML Standard • The consortium of America Online, Compaq, Dell, IBM, Microsoft, Visa USA, and MasterCard has agreed on a technology called ECML, or electronic commerce modeling language. • The ECML standard will expedite online processing for customers by simplifying the form-filling procedure.

  40. Stored-Value Cards • A stored-value card can be an elaborate smart card or a simple plastic card with a magnetic strip that records the currency balance. • A smart card is better suited for Internet payment transactions because it has limited processing capability.

  41. Smart Card • A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded microchip containing information about you. • A smart card can store about 100 times the amount of information that a magnetic strip plastic card can store. • A smart card contains private user information, such as financial facts, private encryption keys, account information, credit card numbers, health insurance information, etc.

  42. Smart Card

  43. Mondex Smart Card • Mondex is a smart card that holds and dispenses electronic cash. • Mondex requires special equipment, such as a ‘card reader’, to process. • Containing a microcomputer chip, Mondex cards can accept electronic cash directly from a user’s bank account.

  44. Mondex Smart Card

  45. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Protocol • SET is a secure protocol jointly designed by MasterCard and Visa with the backing of Microsoft, Netscape, IBM, GTE, SAIC, and other companies. • The purpose of SET is to provide security for card payments as they traverse the Internet between merchant sites and processing banks.

  46. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Protocol • The SET specification uses public key cryptography and digital certificates for validating both consumers and merchants. • The SET protocol provides confidentiality, data integrity, user and merchant authentication, and consumer non-repudiation.

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