Fairfax Adult Softball 2015 Umpire Training

1. Fairfax Adult Softball 2015 Umpire Training

2. FAS Umpire Training Session 1 ASA Rule 1 – DEFINITIONS ASA Rule 2 – THE PLAYING FIELD ASA Rule 3 – EQUIPMENT ASA Rule 9 – PROTESTS ASA Rule 10 – UMPIRES

3. Rule 1 – Definitions Altered Bat • When the physical structure of a legal softball bat has been changed. Basically, if it cannot be purchased that way, then it has been altered. Appeal Play • A play where the umpire may not make a decision until requested by manager, coach, or player. Base Line • Imaginary line directly between the bases. Base Path • Line directly between a base and the runner’s position at the time a defensive player is attempting to tag a runner. Batted Ball • A ball that hits the bat or is hit by the bat going either fair or foul.

4. Definitions Batter’s Box • The area to which the batter is restricted when batting (3’ x 7’). Batter • A player who is has not left the batter’s box. Batter-Runner • A player who has finished a turn at bat BUT has not yet been put out or reached first base. Blocked Ball • A batted, pitched, or thrown ball that is touched, stopped or handled by a person not engaged in the game, OR which touches any object that is not part of the official equipment of official playing area.

5. Definitions Bunt • A ball that is intentional tapped with the bat, slowly, within the infield. Catch/No Catch • A legally caught ball, which occurs when the fielder catches a batted, pitched, or thrown ball with the hand(s) or glove/mitt. • The fielder shall hold the ball long enough to prove control of it and/or that the release of the ball is voluntary. • If the ball is merely held in the fielder’s arm(s) or prevented from dropping to the ground by some part of the fielder’s body, equipment, or clothing, the catch is not completed until the ball is in the grasp of the fielder’s hand(s) or glove. • The fielder’s feet must be within the field of play, touching the “out of play” line, or in the air after leaving live ball territory in order to have a valid catch. A player who is “out of play” and returns must have both feet touching live ball territory or one foot touching and the other in the air, before the catch is legal.

6. Definitions It Is Not A Catch: • If a fielder, while gaining control, collides with another player, umpire or a fence, or falls to the ground and drops the ball as a result of the collision or falling to the ground. • If a ball strikes anything other than a defensive player while it is in flight, it is ruled the same as if it struck the ground. • When a fielder catches a batted or thrown ball with anything other than the hand(s) or glove in its proper place. Catch and Carry • A legal catch that a defensive player carries into dead ball territory. Catcher’s Box * NOT ENFORCED BY FAS * • The area in which the catcher is restricted while catching where the catcher must stay in the box until the ball is batted, touches the ground, plate or batter, or reaches the catcher’s box.

7. Definitions Championship Play • Tournament play sponsored by ASA where the winner advances to higher levels of play within ASA. (ASA rule book is for Championship Play; FAS follows the ASA rules except where superseded by the FAS rule book.) Charged Conference • When a team representative requests a suspension of play or delays the game for the purpose of delivering a message to another team member, unless the pitcher is removed from the pitching position. Chopped Ball • When the batter strikes downward with a chopping motion of the bat. Coach’s Box • The area in which the two base coaches are restricted to prior to the release of the pitch. Courtesy Runner • Any player who runs for a runner without a charged substitution. Dead Ball • A ball that is not in play.

8. Definitions Dislodged Base • A base displaced from its proper position. Disqualified Player • Player removed from the game for a rule violation. Double First Base • White portion is located where the first base normally is and the colored portion in foul territory Double Play • A play by the defense in which two offensive players are legally put out as a result of continuous action. Dugout or Team Area • An out-of-play area designed for players and team representatives. Extra Player • An optional additional player(s). In FAS, it is referred to as Extra Hitters and you may bat up to 14 batters in the lineup. Ejected Player • A team representative removed from the game by the umpire, usually for an unsportsmanlike act or conduct.

9. Definitions Fair Ball • Settles or is touched on or over fair territory between home and first base or between home and third base. • Bounds over or past first or third base, which is in fair territory, regardless of where the ball hits after going over the base. • While on or over fair territory, touches the person, attached equipment, or clothing of a player or umpire. • While over fair territory, a runner interferes with a defensive player attempting to field a batted ball. • Touches first, second, or third base. • First falls or is touched on or over fair territory beyond first, second, or third base. • While over fair territory, passes out of the playing field beyond the outfield fence. • Hits the foul pole. Fair Territory • The part of the playing field within, and including, the first and third base foul lines from home plate to the bottom of the playing field fence and perpendicularly upwards.

10. Definitions Fake Tag • A form of obstruction by a fielder who attempts to tag a runner without the ball and thereby impedes a runner advancing or returning to a base. Fielder • Any player of the team in the field. Fly Ball • A batted ball, fair or foul, that rises into the air. Force Out • An out which may be made only when a runner loses the right to the base that the runner is occupying because the batter becomes a batter-runner, and before the batter-runner or a succeeding runner has been put out. If the forced runner, after touching the next base, retreats for any reason towards the base first occupied, the force play is reinstated and the runner may again be put out if the defense tags the runner or the base to which the runner is forced. (NOTE: a runner returning to a bag to tag up is NOT a force out.)

11. Definitions Foul Ball • Settles or is touched (not caught) on or over foul territory between home and first base or between home and third base. • Bounds or rolls past first or third base on or over foul territory. • While over foul territory, touches the person, attached or detached equipment of clothing of a player or an umpire, or any object foreign to the natural ground. • While over foul territory, a runner interferes with a defensive player attempting to field a batted ball. • First hits the ground over foul territory beyond first or third base. • Touches the batter or the bat in the batter’s hand(s) a second time while the batter is within the batter’s box. • Goes directly from the bat to any part of the catcher’s body or equipment and is caught by another fielder. • Hits the pitching plate and rolls untouched to foul territory before reaching first or third base. Foul Tip • A batted ball that goes sharply and directly from the bat to the catcher’s hand(s) or glove/mitt and is legally caught by the catcher.

12. Home Team The team batting second; determined in league play by FAS and is the second team listed on the schedule. Illegal Bat One that does not meet the requirements of an official bat or warm-up bat. Illegally Batted Ball When the batter hits the ball, fair or foul, and When, at the time the bat makes contact with the ball, the entire foot is completely outside the lines of the batter’s box and on the ground. When, at the time the bat makes contact with the ball, any part of the foot is touching home plate. An illegal, altered, or non-approved bat is used. When, at the time the bat makes contact with the ball, the batter’s entire foot has contacted the ground out of the batters box and returned to hit the ball while inside the box. Definitions

13. Definitions Infield Fly • A fair fly ball, not including a line drive or an attempted bunt, which can be caught by an infielder, pitcher or catcher, with ordinary effort when first and second or first, second, and third bases are occupied with less than two outs. Inning • That portion of a game within which the teams alternate on offense and defense and in which there are three outs for each team. ** A NEW INNING BEGINS IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE FINAL OUT OF THE PREVIOUS INNING. Interference • The act of an OFFENSIVE player or team member, umpire or spectator that impedes, hinders, or confuses a defensive player attempting to execute a play (contact is not necessary). Line Drive • A batted ball that travels parallel or near the ground through most of its flight.

14. Definitions Non-Approved Bat • A bat that does not meet the ASA specifications OR is on the current ASA non-approved bat list with 2000, 2004 or 2013 certification mark. Obstruction • The act of a DEFENSIVE : • Team Member who hinders or impedes a batter from striking at or hitting a pitched ball. • Fielder who impedes the progress of a runner or batter-runner who is legally running the bases unless the fielder is: 1. In possession of the ball, or 2. In the act of fielding a batted ball. • CONTACT IS NOT NECESSARY TO IMPEDE THE PROGRESS OF THE RUNNER. On-Deck Batter • The offensive player who is scheduled to bat next. On-Deck Circle • The area nearest their dugout in which the next batter of the offensive team is restricted to before the release of the pitch. Over Slide • The act of an offensive player when, as a runner, slides beyond or loses contact with a base the player is attempting to reach.

15. Definitions Overthrow • Occurs when a thrown ball from a fielder goes: • Beyond the boundary lines of the playing field (dead ball territory), or • Becomes a blocked ball. Play Ball • The term used by the plate umpire to indicated that play shall start. Protest • A formal request into the decision of an umpire’s rule interpretation. Quick Pitch • A pitch made by the pitcher with the obvious attempt to catch the batter off balance. Runner • An offensive player who has reached first base and has not yet been put out. Starting Player • A player listed on the initial lineup. Stealing – NOT USED FOR ANY FAS PLAY.

16. Definitions Strike Zone • When a batter assumes a natural batting stance adjacent to home plate, the strike zone is that space over any part of home plate between the batter’s BACK SHOULDER AND FRONT KNEE. Substitute • Any member of a team’s roster who is not listed as a starting player, or a stating player who re-enters the game. Tag • A legal tag is the act of a defensive player in: • Touching a base with any part of the body while holding the ball securely and firmly in the hand or glove, or • Touching the runner or batter-runner with the ball while securely held in the hand or glove. Time • The term used by the umpire to order the suspension of play. Turn at Bat • Begins when a player first enters the batter’s box and continues until the player is substituted for, put out, or becomes a batter-runner while at bat.

17. RULE 2 – THE PLAYING FIELD The playing field is the area within which the ball may be legally played and fielded. • If the base distances or the pitching distance is found to be at the wrong dimension during the course of the game, correct the error, with no penalty, and continue playing the game. Every effort should be made by the umpires to obtain the correct dimensions. Ground or special rules establishing the limits of the playing field may apply at certain fields. • The umpire shall be the authority for and shall define additional ground rules prior to any play. • No protests will be allowed on any such temporary ground rules. E.G.: At Bready Park: Any fair batted fly ball which hits the netting behind the fence will be considered a home run and will count against the number of over-the-fence home runs allowed per game.

18. 65’ from back point of home plate to back point of base. ASA = 70’

19. FAIR OR FOUL? 4? 5? 1? 2? 3? 6? YIKES !!! YOU MADE THE WRONG CALL? It is not protestable because it is a judgment call, BUT it is correctable. Place runners where you believe they would have gotten had you not made the foul ball call. Dotted Line = Ground Ball Solid Line = Fly Ball

20. RULE 3 – EQUIPMENT BAT DEFINITIONS Safety Knob: shall have a diameter of at least 1.6 inches with no sharp edges and permanently attached to the bat. NOTE: FAS rules require that the entire knob of a bat NOT contain any tape, and if so, shall be considered altered. Umpires should request the tape be removed so the bat can be inspected and used in game play. Handle: the region of the bat from the knob, not including the knob, to the start of the taper where the diameter increases. The handle must include a grip. Taper: the transition area between the handle and the barrel. It generally has a conical shape. It starts where the barrel decreases in size and ends where the handle diameter becomes constant. Barrel: the region of the bat from the end of the Taper to the End Cap, not including the End Cap. The barrel region shall be smooth and round with 0.050 inches in diameter. End Cap: The cap placed at the barrel end of the bat. It shall be permanently affixed to the bat to prevent alterations to the interior of the bat. It shall be affixed so that it cannot be removed by any one other than the manufacturer without damaging or destroying the End Cap or Barrel.

21. Bats ALL BATS IN FAS PLAY MUST: • Bear one of these 3 certification marks • NOT be listed on the ASA banned bat list • Be included on the ASA list of approved bat models and may include girls fast pitch, or • In the sole opinion and discretion of the umpire, have been manufactured prior to 2000 and, if tested, would comply with the ASA bat performance standards. This includes wooden bats. • Shall be free of burrs, dents, cracks, sharp edges, rattles, and show no signs of excessive wear. • Must be marked “OFFICIAL SOFTBALL” by the manufacturer. • Shall not be more than 34 inches long, nor exceed 38 ounces in weight. • Shall NOT be more than 2.25 inches in diameter at its largest part.

22. Bats Safety Grip • May be cork, tape, or other synthetic material. • Must be permanently attached and cover the handle. • Minimum 6 inches long and maximum 15 inches long from the knob end of the bat AND there shall be no exposed metal in the 10-15 inch area. • Any attachment such as a molded finger grip, a flare cone, or choke-up device must be attached grip tape. • Resin, pine tar, and spray substances are allowed on the safety grip ONLY and not any other part of the bat. • Tape may NOW exceed two layers of tape—it just must be applied in a continuous spiral. ALL THESE ARE NOW LEGAL: They must be securely attached with safety tape. If they cover the knob, the device must be removed so you can inspect the knob-handle connection and they may then put on the device. The knob only devices do NOT need to be secured with safety tape.

23. Altered Bats • The official bat’s characteristics shall remain fixed as at the time of manufacture. • The distribution of weight and length of the bat shall remain as at the time of manufacturing. • Approved bats are considered altered if they are rolled, shaved, repainted, weighted, or modified to change their characteristics from that produced by the manufacturer. • Identifying the bat by means of laser marking, engraving, or painting a name or number on the bat will NOT make the bat an altered bat.

24. FAS Bat Rules • BATS. The safety of the players participating in our program is an extreme priority for the FAS Board of Directors. • ASA mandates a bat barrel shall be free of audible rattles when shaken and that a bat barrel shall be free of burs, dents, cracks, sharp edges, and not have signs of excessive wear. Bats with these faults shall be deemed illegal and MUST be removed from the game and dugout area. • The entire knob of a bat may not contain any tape, and if so, shall be considered altered UNLESS applied after inspection and approval of the bat by the umpire. • If, at any time, an umpire has reasonable suspicion, based on appearance, physical characteristics, or performance, that a bat may be illegal, the umpire shall immediately remove the bat from play without further penalty.

25. Bat Penalties • Use of altered, doctored, loaded, banned, or non-approved bats is NOT permitted in any FAS play and is subject to penalties deemed by the 2nd Vice President-Rules. • Any player entering the batter’s box with an illegal bat shall be called out and the bat shall be removed from the game and the dugout area. • The player using the illegal bat shall be ejected from the game AND can not be substituted for. • EACH time the vacated spot occurs in the batting order, it shall result in an out. • If use of the bat is noticed after a fair hit pitch and before the next pitch to the succeeding batter, in addition to above penalties: • The batter is called out, • The bat is removed from the game and the dugout area, • Any runners called out prior to discovering this infraction remain out, and • Each runner who advanced as a result of the play must return to base legally held at time of the pitch.

26. Warm-Up Bats Must be stamped with ¼ inch letters: WB on either end of the bat or in one-inch letters the words WARM-UP BAT only the barrel end of the bat. Must be listed on the list published by the ASA. Warm-Up Attachments Warm-up attachments must meet all of the requirements of Rule 3,Section 2 Swingsock Pow’R Wrap Illegal Warm-Up Equipment Slip on Donuts Bat filled with concrete Sledgehammer These 2 Are Illegal → Warm Up Equipment

27. Bat Checks For EVERY game, EVERY umpire properly checks ALL bats for each team before their first at bat, period. A proper bat check involves the following: • Physically touching all bats • Look for one of the 3 certification marks • Listen for audible rattles when shaken • Feel for dents, burrs, cracks, sharp edges and/or excessive wear • Look for paint flaking or chips • Ensure it passes smoothly through bat ring. • Identify any illegal bats • Refer to ASA bat listing, if needed • Read complete model number • There is no excuse for not checking bats!

28. Softballs • Only softballs which bear original manufacturer’s marks signifying ASA certification and compliance with the COR and Compression requirements are allowed. • ONLY OPTIC YELLOW SOFTBALLS ARE PERMITTED. • Men: MUST use the ASA Yellow Dudley Thunder Hycon 12-inch, .52 COR, 300-lb compression softball. • Women: MAY use either: yellow, 11-inch, .44 max COR, 375-lb compression softball; or 52 COR/300-lb softball. • Each team shall supply and hit their own legal softballs. • The team at bat shall provide all further balls for use as necessary for the completion of the game. • Approved softballs for FAS must be stamped ASA approved. • If an unapproved softball was used and discovered after the hit and before the next pitch, the offensive team may accept the result of play or require the batter to hit again with same ball-strike count as before hit.

29. A glove or mitt may be worn by any player provided the dimensions do not exceed that specified by ASA. The pitcher’s glove may be of one solid color or multicolored as long as the color(s) are not the same color of the ball being used in the game. Shoes must be worn by all players. Shoes with round metal spikes are illegal. No shoes with detachable cleats that screw ON are allowed; however, shows with detachable cleats that screw INTO the shoe are allowed. A person found wearing metal cleats will be requested by the umpire to remove the illegal shoes and will be permitted to continue to play once approved footwear is worn. A player refusing or unable to change illegal footwear will be disqualified from the game in progress. LEGAL ILLEGAL Gloves and Shoes

30. Softball Bats and Balls • Characteristics of approved equipment cannot be changed. • Examples include icing or cooling of any equipment • Warming sleeves on bats are NOT allowed.

31. Uniform • Uniforms are NOT required for any FAS play. • Numbers are not required on any uniform. • Shirts must be worn • Hats and visors may be worn and are not required to be worn properly. • Shoes must be worn and shall be considered official if made with either canvas, leather, or similar materials, and the soles may be either smoother or have cleats.

32. Catcher’s Equipment Masks, guards, and helmets are permitted, not used much in FAS play. Casts/Prostheses All casts and splints MUST be padded. Braces with exposed metal or hard surfaces must be padded. Equipment judged to be potentially dangerous is illegal. (Does it change the nature of the game or pose a safety risk to other players?) Uniforms There is no uniform requirement in any FAS play.Players, however, must wear a shirt (no sports bras for women), and shorts/pants. Hats may be worn and can be worn backwards. Jewelry Exposed jewelry judged to be dangerous must be removed. NO watches, hoop earrings, necklaces, large rings. Medical alert bracelets/necklaces are NOT considered jewelry, but must be taped to the body. Other Equipment

33. RULE 9 – PROTESTS • Protests will be received and considered on the following items: • Failure to comply with rules, • Umpire misinterpretation of a playing rule, • Umpire failure to apply correct rule to a given situation, or • Umpire failure to impose correct penalty for given situation. • Protests may not involve the accuracy of judgment of an umpire. • e.g.: Fair/Foul; Safe/Out; Ball/Strike; Infield Fly Rule; Interference/Obstruction; Good/Bad Field Condition; Catch/No Catch

34. Protests • Team manager must make protest to umpire after play has stopped and before next pitch is delivered. • Misinterpretation of a playing rule must be made: • Before the next pitch, • Before the next play, • Before all infielders have left fair territory, and • Before the umpire leaves live ball territory(if the last play of the game).

35. Protests • Umpires MUST sign BOTH scorebooks: • Point of play the protest was lodged • Sign attesting to the protest and time of protest. • Protests for field conditions must be made prior to first pitch of game unless conditions change during the game.

36. Protests • If a misinterpretation of a rule can be corrected on the field, you must correct your ruling. • Don’t take a protest personally, just sign the books, and continue play as soon as possible. • Umpire’s actions and demeanor during a game is not justifiable grounds for a formal protest; however, it is justifiable grounds for a written complaint to FAS.

37. Roster Challenges • Team managers have the right to challenge a player’s roster spot (limited to 2 challenges per game). • Requests are to be made in the form of a protest to the umpire between innings. • When protest is lodged, the player must show a valid Military, DMV, or Passport photo ID, to the opposing manager and umpire.

38. Roster Challenges • Failure of a questioned player to provide required ID will, at the option of the challenged team manager, result in the questioned player AND the manager or acting manager: • Being immediately ejected from the game being played OR • Continuing to play but the questioned player must show the required ID before the last out of the game or the questioned player’s team will forfeit the game. • Failure of a manager to show proof that a player is on the team roster may result in a protest being filed. Umpires shall sign BOTH scorebooks when intent to protest is made.

39. RULE 10 – UMPIRES • You represent FAS and, as such, are required to enforce both the ASA and FAS rules. • You should ensure players, coaches, and managers carry out the FAS rules, and if not, to impose penalties as prescribed in the ASA or FAS rule books.

40. Umpire’s Judgment • There will be no appeal on any decision involving accuracy of judgment. • Umpires may reverse a decision when convinced it is in violation of a rule. • Only managers have the right to seek a reversal on a claim that it is in conflict with the rules. • At NO time will players who are umpires criticize or interfere with the duties of their fellow blue.

41. Suspension of Play • When, in your judgment, conditions justify such action (e.g.: a random ball enters the area of play, a pet runs onto the ball field, a severe injury.) • When a batter or pitcher steps out of position for a legitimate reason (e.g.: when requested and granted by the umpire.) • Never once a pitcher has started the delivery. • When, in your judgment, all immediate play is completed and no play is in progress. • Not at the request of players, coaches or managers until all action in progress is completed.

42. Umpire Equipment Hat Ball Bag with: • Brush • Indicator • Bat Ring • Coin Powder Blue Shirt Navy Shorts With Black Belt Available at: http://www.officialgear.com Navy or Gray Pants With Black Belt Black Shoes w/ White Socks (black or navy socks with pants)

43. Be Visible But Not Seen Players should know you are in control of the game without having to put on a show. The best compliment an umpire can get is “didn’t even notice you were there.” Know and Anticipate What Should Happen Enables you to be in the right position to make call. Learn your teams. Helps you anticipate their plays. Know The Rules There is no excuse for not knowing the rules. The quickest way to gain respect in controversial situations is to cite the rule governing the situation. The quickest way to lose respect is to not know the rule or cite the rule incorrectly. You will be amazed how confident you are on the field knowing you are prepared. General Themes

44. Be Consistent Have the same strike zone every time you are behind the plate. Use the same mechanics calling balls, strikes, illegal, pitches, outs, and safes. Always Hustle Move out from behind home plate on every single call. Players complain less when you are on top of a call to make it. Gives the perception you are there to EARN your money. General Themes

45. Have Pride In The Profession No using cell phones during games. No smoking or using tobacco during games. Never use profanity. Doing a good job is the most important item on your list. Money is a primary benefit, but keep in mind, the good ones earn their pay. Remember, umpires exist because of the players. Games can be played without umpires, but umpires cannot officiate without games. Make The Game Fun and Have Fun Smile and give the impression you like what you are doing (hopefully you do!). Treat players and participants with the same respect and courteousness as you would want to be treated. Do not be belligerent or be an umpire that causes the problems; check your attitude before stepping on the field. General Themes

46. Do Not Be Confrontational Do not have “rabbit ears.” Expect that in all close plays there will be some expression of emotion. Let players have their say. The magic word for any umpire is the word “YOU.” Know When Enough is Enough Determine when a player has gone overboard and you’ve heard enough. Put your hand up (like calling time) and tell the player firmly, “That is Enough”; this serves as the player’s warning. If they continue, notify the manager (not the player), that he needs to control his player and anymore will result in the player’s ejection General Themes