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Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion. Manifest Destiny and the Transcontinental Railroad. America in the 1820s. America in 1865 No major Railroads went West Travel West was extremely long and dangerous – 2-3 Months by land (Native American Resistance) 4-6 Months by boat, All the way around South America.

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Westward Expansion

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  1. Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny and the Transcontinental Railroad

  2. America in the 1820s

  3. America in 1865 • No major Railroads went West • Travel West was extremely long and dangerous – 2-3 Months by land (Native American Resistance) • 4-6 Months by boat, All the way around South America

  4. Factors That Contributed to the Settlement of the West • Manifest Destiny • Gold Discovered in California • Homestead Act of 1862 • Transcontinental Railroad • The American Dream

  5. Manifest Destiny: Go West Young Man • The west was viewed as the great untapped Frontier • Manifest Destiny – The belief that it was America’s mission to expand from ocean to ocean, spreading democracy and freedom • Americans believed it was their God-given duty to conquer the Western territories and unify the Nation

  6. Territorial Expansion of U.S. • 1803 Louisiana Purchase • 1845 Texas • 1848 Mexican-American War: Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, California, Nevada, and Utah • By 1850, America gains the Oregon Territory

  7. 1848-49 Gold Rush • 1848 Gold Discovered in California • Thousands of Americans head West lured by the idea of becoming instant millionaires • West becomes the land of opportunity • Americans were on the move

  8. Homestead Act of 1862 • The U.S. Government encouraged the settlement of the West • 1862 Homestead Act – Millions of acres were given away free in the West to anyone that would claim land and live on it for 5 years • First come first serve basis • Other Public land was sold for $2.50 an acre

  9. The Oregon Trail • The only way West by land was via the Oregon Trail • 2,170 Mile route • Dangerous and Difficult/Donner Party

  10. The Other way West was by Boat

  11. The Railroad Boom • In 1865, America had 50,000 miles of railroad, primarily in the Northern states • No railroads went West • America experienced a tremendous railroad boom after the Civil War • Over 150,000 miles of track was built between 1865-1895

  12. Man of Steel: Henry Bessemer • Before 1850, railroads and trains were made of iron • Iron is brittle, and railroads were unreliable and under constant repair • 1850 Henry Bessemer (England) invents a way to turn iron ore into steel

  13. Bessemer Process • Converted Iron ore into steel • Steel is lighter, stronger, and more malleable (flexible) than iron • Steel could now be mass produced • Steel was inexpensive • Bessemer opens the door to an Industrial revolution in America • A new age of building began: skyscrapers, bridges, and railroads

  14. Transcontinental Railroad • The 1st Transcontinental Railroad was started in 1869 • Gov. granted over 200 million acres of land for the project and offered low interest rate loans • It ran from Sacramento, California to Omaha, Nebraska • Union Pacific RR began laying track Westward out of Omaha • Central Pacific RR began laying track Eastward out a Sacramento

  15. The Golden Spike • On May 10th, 1869, at Promontory Point, Utah, the “Golden Spike’ was driven into the ground uniting both the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads • 1st railroad line connecting the East to the West • Travel time about 4-5 days from NY to California • Considered one of the greatest architectural achievements in American History • Nothing could stop Manifest Destiny

  16. Technological Improvements • RR track was standardized – width of steel rail, and width from rail to rail • National signals are established • George Westinghouse developed air brakes • 1883, A National time and Time Zones are established • For scheduling, everyone was on the same time

  17. The Railroad’s Impact • Transportation of people and goods was quicker and cheaper • New era of interstate trade and commerce • 1865 – it cost $3.45 to ship a barrel of flour from NY to Chicago • 1890 it costs .68 cents • New jobs – Irish/Chinese • Westward Expansion – Safer/Quicker/Cheaper • Native American wars and removal

  18. Eminent Domain • What happened to the land or property people if a railroad was designed to ge through it? • Eminent Domain – 5th Amendment • Gov. can take any land as long as it is for the public good • What is the Public Good? • Indian territory decimated Eminent Domain still a part of our lives today Private property vs. Public Use – airport runways, parks, highways, shopping centers etc. The Government – federal, state, and local can take what it wants New buildings and structures create increased tax revenue – Newport, KY Blighted areas become economic goldmines

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